Joe Conny's academic background is in Chemometrics, a subdiscipline of analytical chemistry that involves statistics and mathematical approaches to analyze chemical data. At NIST, Joe has applied chemometrics to optimize the measurement of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols and to simulate spectral data for testing and calibrating data analysis algorithms used in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Joe's more recent work involves electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis for understanding how the morphology and composition of individual atmospheric particles affects climate.