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Author: Jeffrey Bullard

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1. Paving the Way for a More Sustainable Concrete Infrastructure: A Vision for Developing a Comprehensive Description of Cement Hydration Kinetics
Series: Special Publication (NIST SP)
Report Number: 1138
Published: 3/28/2013
Authors: Joseph J Biernacki, Jeffrey W Bullard, Constantiner Constantiner, Richard Meininger, Maria Juenger, Josephine H Cheung, William Hansen, R. Douglas Hooton, Andreas Luttge, Jeffrey J. Thomas
Abstract: Hydration of portland cement is the cornerstone of the process responsible for microstructure development in concrete and ultimately controls the kinetics of all materials properties that make concrete such a useful product for society (propert ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=912154

2. Measurement Science Needs for the Expanded Use of Green Concrete: Workshop Summary Report
Series: Technical Note (NIST TN)
Report Number: 1783
Published: 2/6/2013
Authors: Kenneth Alan Snyder, Dale P Bentz, Jeffrey W Bullard, Chiara F Ferraris, Nicos Martys, Paul E Stutzman
Abstract: In July 2012, NIST conducted the Green Concrete Workshop to bring together stakeholders from the concrete construction industry and identify critical needs for the expanded use of industrial by- product materials, such as fly ash and slag, in conc ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=913076

3. An Argument for Virtual Testing in the Cement Plant
Published: 9/10/2012
Authors: Pichet Sahachaiyunta, Kittisak Pongpaisanseree, Jeffrey W Bullard, Paul E Stutzman, Edward Joseph Garboczi, Wilasa Vichit-Vadakan
Abstract: The cement industry is moving toward customized commodity products, requiring plants that were built to consistently produce thousands of tons of one product each day to now be versatile enough to fine-tune multiple products that meet both industry ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=910639

4. Mechanisms of Cement Hydration
Published: 12/22/2011
Authors: Jeffrey W Bullard, Hamlin M Jennings, Richard A Livingston, Andre Nonat, George W Scherer, Jeffrey S Schweitzer, Karen L Scrivener, Jeffrey J. Thomas
Abstract: Several detailed reviews have been written about the kinetics of cement hydration . In this review, focus is placed on a number of recent advances in understanding the principal mechanisms that govern the rate of hydration and microstructure develo ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=905965

5. Modeling and Simulation of Cement Hydration Kinetics and Microstructure Development
Published: 12/22/2011
Authors: Jeffrey Thomas, Joseph J Biernacki, Jeffrey W Bullard, Shashank Bishnoi, Jorge S Dolado, George W Scherer, Andreas Luttge
Abstract: This review endeavors to summarize the past 40 years or so of progress towards the development of mathematical models for understanding and predicting cement hydration behavior. A complete and accurate model of hydration would enable materials e ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=905906

6. Why Alite Stops Hydrating Below 80% Relative Humidity
Published: 9/1/2011
Authors: Robert J Flatt, George W Scherer, Jeffrey W Bullard
Abstract: Cement hydration continues to have an intriguing character, surrounded as it is by a number of intensively debated questions. Among the unresolved issues is the reason why hydration stops at a relative humidity of about 80%, even though the system ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=903564

7. From Electrons to Infrastructure: Engineering Concrete From The Bottom Up
Published: 4/6/2011
Authors: Hamlin M. Jennings, Jeffrey W Bullard
Abstract: We argue that only an approach rooted in fundamental, mechanistic models of concrete materials offers a viable path for handling the enormous number of new variables that are being introduced as new materials are added to the design space, and as n ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=908285

8. Coupling Thermodynamics and Digital Image Models to Simulate Hydration and Microstructure Development of Portland Cement Pastes
Published: 2/28/2011
Authors: Jeffrey W Bullard, Barbara Lothenbach, Paul E Stutzman, Kenneth Alan Snyder
Abstract: Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations, coupled to a kinetic model for the dissolution rates of clinker phases, have been used in recent years to predict the time-dependent phase assemblage in hydrating cement pastes. We couple this approach to a ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=904750

9. Advancing the materials science of concrete with supercomputers
Published: 1/24/2011
Authors: Jeffrey W Bullard, Edward Joseph Garboczi, William L George, Nicos Martys, Steven G Satterfield, Judith Ellen Terrill
Abstract: Supercomputers are renowned for being used on grand challenge problems like global weather patterns, nuclear device virtual testing, galaxy formation, unraveling molecular structure – and now concrete! Why do the mysteries of concrete form this kind ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=905147

10. Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory Educational Version 2.0 User Guide
Series: NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR)
Report Number: 7707
Published: 9/24/2010
Author: Jeffrey W Bullard
Abstract: This document serves as the user’s guide for the educational version of the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL) software, version 2.0. Using the VCCTL, a user may create 3D microstructures of cement paste with clinker, calcium ...
http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=905825