| Author(s): |
Mark A. Kedzierski; M Gong; |
| Title: |
Effect of CuO Nanolubricant on R134a Pool Boiling Heat Transfer |
| Published: |
January 06, 2009 |
| Abstract: |
This paper quantifies the influence of CuO nanoparticles on the boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened, horizontal, flat surface. Nanofluids are liquids that contain dispersed nano-size particles. A lubricant based nanofluid (nanolubricant) was made with a synthetic ester and 30 nm diameter CuO particles stably suspended in the mixture to a 4 % volume fraction. For the 0.5 % nanolubricant mass fraction, the nanoparticles caused a heat transfer enhancement relative to the heat transfer of pure R134a/polyolester (99.5/0.5) of between 50 % and 275 %. A smaller enhancement was observed for the R134a/nanolubricant (99/1) mixture, which had a heat flux that was on average 19 % larger than that of the R134a/polyolester (99/1) mixture. Further increase in the nanolubricant mass fraction to 2 % resulted in a still smaller boiling heat transfer improvement of approximately 12 % on average. Consequently, significant refrigerant/lubricant boiling heat transfer enhancements are possible with nanoparticles. Thermal conductivity measurements and a refrigerant\lubricant mixture pool-boiling model were used to suggest that increased thermal conductivity is responsible for only a small portion of the heat transfer enhancement due to nanoparticles. Further research with nanolubricants and refrigerants are required to establish a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control nanofluid heat transfer. |
| Citation: |
International Journal of Refrigeration-Revue Internationale Du Froid |
| Pages: |
9 pp. |
| Keywords: |
additives, boiling, copper (II) oxide, enhanced heat transfer, nanotechnology, refrigerants, refrigerant/lubricant mixtures |
| Research Areas: |
Building and Fire Research |
| PDF version: |
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