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Economic Decision Guide Software (EDGe$) with Loss Amplification and Risk Aversion: Wildfire Urban Interface (WUI) Case Studies

November 1, 2023

Author(s)

Sherief Elsibaie, Bilal Ayyub, Jennifer Helgeson, Christina Gore, David Butry

This report demonstrates by examples and case study as a proof of concept the use of loss amplification and risk aversion in benefit cost analysis (BCA) for community resilience planning. The report uses the NIST Economic Decision Guide Software (EDGe$)

NIST SI Units Card Deck

November 1, 2023

Author(s)

Dinelka Jagoda, Elizabeth Benham

Welcome to the SI Units Card Deck! This interactive educational activity offers a fun way for students to enhance their understanding of the International System of Units (SI), including the Defining Constants, Base Units, Derived Units with Special Names

Superconducting X-ray Sensors for Tomography of Microelectronics

November 1, 2023

Author(s)

Joseph Fowler, Zachary H. Levine, Paul Szypryt, Daniel Swetz

Tomographic imaging of integrated circuits at scales smaller than 1 micrometer is a challenging x-ray measurement. We describe a research instrument based upon superconducting x-ray microcalorimeters, which help to discriminate among materials in a sample

High-Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Measurements of Methane + Water Mixtures by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

October 31, 2023

Author(s)

Samantha Miller, Chris Suiter, Mark O. McLinden, Jason A. Widegren, Nancy Levinger, Bret Windom, Michael Sartini

Accurate vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are required to predict the condensation of low-volatility components in natural gas pipelines. Here we apply 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure the VLE of methane + water mixtures at

Modeling of hierarchical solidification microstructures in metal additive manufacturing: Challenges and opportunities

October 31, 2023

Author(s)

Dilip K. Banerjee, Supriyo Ghosh, Julien Zollinger, Miha Zaloznik, Christopher Newman, Raymundo Arroyave

Metal-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes often produce parts with improved properties compared to conventional manufacturing and metal working routes. However, currently, only a few alloys can be reliably additively manufactured as the vast

Searching the Space of Tower Field Implementation of the F28 Inverter - with Applications to AES, Camellia,and SM4

October 31, 2023

Author(s)

Zihao Wei, Siwei Sun, Lei Hu, Man Wei, Rene Peralta

The tower field implementation of the GF_2^8} inverter is not only the key technique for compact implementations of the S-boxes of several internationally standardized block ciphers such as AES, Camellia, and SM4, but also the underlying structure many

Searching Thermodynamically Stable Materials with Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity by Dual Machine Learning Models

October 31, 2023

Author(s)

Joshua Ojih, Chen Shen, Uche Onyekpe, Ming Hu, Kamal Choudhary, Hongbin Zhang

Materials with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) continue to be of great interest for technologically important applications such as thermal insulators and thermoelectrics. We report an efficient workflow combining high-throughput density

Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector Arrays for the Near- to Mid-Infrared

October 31, 2023

Author(s)

Benedikt Hampel, Richard Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Varun Verma

Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) are excellent devices for the analysis of faint light from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared. Recent developments push their broad wavelength bandwidth further into the mid-infrared towards 20 μm

Implicit solvation models for electrochemical interfaces

October 30, 2023

Author(s)

Kathleen Schwarz, Ravishankar Sundararaman

Nanosecond time-resolved dual-comb absorption spectroscopy

October 30, 2023

Author(s)

David Long, Matthew Cich, Carl Mathurin, Garrett Mathews, Adam Heiniger, Augustine Frymire, Gregory Rieker

Frequency combs have revolutionized the field of optical spectroscopy, enabling researchers to probe molecular systems with a multitude of accurate and precise optical frequencies. Although there have been tremendous strides in direct frequency comb

Effects of Glycans and Hinge on Dynamics in the IgG1 Fc

October 28, 2023

Author(s)

Christina Bergonzo, J. Todd Hoopes, Zvi Kelman, David Travis Gallagher

The crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of immunoglobulin subclass IgG1 antibodies is engineered for a wide variety of pharmaceutical applications. Two important structural variables in Fc constructs are the hinge region connecting the Fc to the antigen

Bootstrapped Dimensional Crossover of a Spin Density Wave

October 27, 2023

Author(s)

Anjana Samarakoon, J. Strempfer, Junjie Zhang, Feng Ye, Yiming Qiu, J.-W. Kim, H. Zheng, S. Rosenkranz, M. Norman, J. Mitchell, D. Phelan

Quantum materials display rich and myriad types of magnetic, electronic, and structural ordering, often with these ordering modes either competing with one another or 'intertwining,' that is, reinforcing one another. Low dimensional quantum materials

Enhanced strength of additively manufactured Inconel 718 by means of a simplified heat treatment strategy

October 27, 2023

Author(s)

Jake Benzing, Nicholas Derimow, Orion Kafka, Nik Hrabe, Philipp Schumacher, Don Godfrey, Chad Beamer, Priya Pathare, Jay Carroll, Ping Lu, Isaiah Trujillo, Frank DelRio

This study simplified the heat treatment route and reduced the post-processing burden for laser powder bed fusion IN718 (a nickel-based superalloy). The tailored route retained advantageous microstructures and improved tensile strength when compared to the

Security Analysis of Trust on the Controller in the Matter Protocol

October 27, 2023

Author(s)

Kumar Shashwat, Francis Hahn, Xinming Ou, Anoop Singhal

Matter is an open-source connectivity standard for the purpose of allowing smart home IoT devices from different vendors to interoperate with one another. A controller in a Matter system commissions new devices into the Matter fabric. The device needs to

Energy-Efficient Access Point Deployment for Industrial IoT Systems

October 26, 2023

Author(s)

Xiaowen Qi, Jing Geng, Mohamed Hany, Shuvra Bhattacharyya, Rick Candell

Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have impacted many fields by opening up much deeper and more extensive integration of communications connectivity, sensing, and embedded processing. The industrial sector is among the areas that have been impacted

Multi-mode microcavity frequency engineering through a shifted grating in a photonic crystal ring

October 26, 2023

Author(s)

Xiyuan Lu, Yi Sun, Ashish Chanana, Usman Javid, Marcelo Davanco, Kartik Srinivasan

Frequency engineering of whispering-gallery resonances is essential in microcavity nonlinear optics. The key is to control the frequencies of the cavity modes involved in the underlying nonlinear optical process to satisfy its energy conservation criterion

A framework to characterize WUI firebrand shower exposure using an integrated approach combining 3D particle tracking and machine learning

October 25, 2023

Author(s)

Nicolas Bouvet, Savannah Wessies, Eric Link, Stephen Fink

Firebrand showers are known for their devastating effects throughout Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) communities threatened by wildfires. In this work, we propose a framework to better characterize firebrand flows and facilitate exposure comparisons across

A superconducting nanowire single-photon camera with 400,000 pixels

October 25, 2023

Author(s)

Bakhrom Oripov, Dana Rampini, Jason Allmaras, Matt Shaw, Sae Woo Nam, Boris Korzh, Adam McCaughan

For the past 50 years, superconducting detectors have offered exceptional sensitivity and speed for detecting faint electromagnetic signals in a wide range of applications. These detectors operate at very low temperatures and generate a minimum of excess

Breakdown of the drift-diffusion model for transverse spin transport in a disordered Pt film

October 25, 2023

Author(s)

Kirill Belashchenko, Giovanni G. Baez Flores, Wuzhang Fang, Alexei Kovalev, Mark van Schilfgaarde, Mark Stiles, Paul M. Haney

Spin accumulation and spin current profiles are calculated for a disordered Pt film subjected to an in-plane electric current within the nonequilibrium Green function approach. In the bulklike region of the sample, this approach captures intrinsic spin

Grating magneto-optical traps with complicated level structures

October 25, 2023

Author(s)

Daniel Barker, Peter Elgee, Ananya Sitaram, Eric Norrgard, Nikolai Klimov, Gretchen K. Campbell, Stephen Eckel

We study the forces and optical pumping within grating magneto-optical traps (MOTs) operating on transitions with non-trivial level structure. In contrast to the standard six-beam MOT configuration, rate equation modelling predicts that the asymmetric

Single-Detector Double-Beam Modulation for High-Sensitivity Infrared Spectroscopy

October 25, 2023

Author(s)

Seongmin Kim, Yow-Ren Chang, Young Jong Lee

Balanced detection based on double beams is widely used to reduce common-mode noises, such as laser intensity fluctuation and irregular wavelength scanning, in absorption spectroscopy. However, employing an additional detector can increase the total system

Adaptive Maximization of Harvested Kinetic Energy for Small Wearable Medical Sensors

October 23, 2023

Author(s)

Hamid Mahboubi, Kamran Sayrafian, Amir Aghdam

Energy harvesting (EH) is the process of capturing and storing energy from external sources or the ambient environment. The EH devices have found various emerging applications, particularly, in healthcare sector. Kinetic-based micro energy-harvesting is a

Analysis of a Steel Gravity Frame with Composite Floor System Subjected to Compartment Fire (Test #2)

October 23, 2023

Author(s)

Mohammed Morovat, Joseph Main, Jonathan Weigand, Malcolm Ammons, Fahim H. Sadek, Long Phan

This report describes the development and validation of a computational modeling approach for steel gravity frames with composite floor systems subjected to fire exposure. A full-scale compartment fire test conducted on a two-story steel gravity frame

Emergent ferromagnetism with superconductivity in Fe(Te,Se) van der Waals Josephson junctions

October 23, 2023

Author(s)

Gang Qiu, Hung-Yu Hu, Lunhui Hu, Huairuo Zhang, Chi-Yen Chen, Yanfeng Lyu, Christopher Eckberg, Peng Deng, Sergiy Krylyuk, Albert Davydov, Ruixing Zhang, Kang Wang

Ferromagnetism and superconductivity are two key ingredients for topological superconductors, which can serve as building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computers. Adversely, ferromagnetism and superconductivity are typically also two hostile orderings

Impact of the Exposure Time and Distance Thresholds on the Performance of Automatic Contact Tracing

October 23, 2023

Author(s)

Brian D. Cloteaux, Vladimir Marbukh, Kamran Sayrafian

Automatic exposure notification apps operate based on guidelines that specify distance and time thresholds to measure the occurrence of contacts with infected individuals. In the United States 2 m/15 min thresholds are used to determine exposures due to a

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