Develop an organizational understanding to manage cybersecurity risk to systems, people, assets, data, and capabilities
The data, personnel, devices, systems, and facilities that enable the organization to achieve business purposes are identified and managed consistent with their relative importance to organizational objectives and the organization’s risk strategy.
Physical devices and systems within the organization are inventoried
Software platforms and applications within the organization are inventoried
Organizational communication and data flows are mapped
Organizational communication and data flows are mapped
External information systems are catalogued
External information systems are catalogued
Resources (e.g., hardware, devices, data, time, personnel, and software) are prioritized based on their classification, criticality, and business value
Cybersecurity roles and responsibilities for the entire workforce and third-party stakeholders (e.g., suppliers, customers, partners) are established
The organization’s mission, objectives, stakeholders, and activities are understood and prioritized; this information is used to inform cybersecurity roles, responsibilities, and risk management decisions.
The organization’s role in the supply chain is identified and communicated
The organization’s place in critical infrastructure and its industry sector is identified and communicated
Priorities for organizational mission, objectives, and activities are established and communicated
Dependencies and critical functions for delivery of critical services are established
Resilience requirements to support delivery of critical services are established for all operating states (e.g. under duress/attack, during recovery, normal operations)
The policies, procedures, and processes to manage and monitor the organization’s regulatory, legal, risk, environmental, and operational requirements are understood and inform the management of cybersecurity risk.
Organizational cybersecurity policy is established and communicated
Cybersecurity roles and responsibilities are coordinated and aligned with internal roles and external partners
Legal and regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity, including privacy and civil liberties obligations, are understood and managed
Governance and risk management processes address cybersecurity risks
The organization understands the cybersecurity risk to organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, and individuals.
Asset vulnerabilities are identified and documented
Asset vulnerabilities are identified and documented
Asset vulnerabilities are identified and documented
Asset vulnerabilities are identified and documented
Asset vulnerabilities are identified and documented
Asset vulnerabilities are identified and documented
Asset vulnerabilities are identified and documented
Asset vulnerabilities are identified and documented
Cyber threat intelligence is received from information sharing forums and sources
Cyber threat intelligence is received from information sharing forums and sources
Threats, both internal and external, are identified and documented
Threats, both internal and external, are identified and documented
Threats, both internal and external, are identified and documented
Potential business impacts and likelihoods are identified
Threats, vulnerabilities, likelihoods, and impacts are used to determine risk
Risk responses are identified and prioritized
The organization’s priorities, constraints, risk tolerances, and assumptions are established and used to support operational risk decisions.
Risk management processes are established, managed, and agreed to by organizational stakeholders
Organizational risk tolerance is determined and clearly expressed
The organization’s determination of risk tolerance is informed by its role in critical infrastructure and sector specific risk analysis
The organization’s priorities, constraints, risk tolerances, and assumptions are established and used to support risk decisions associated with managing supply chain risk. The organization has established and implemented the processes to identify, assess and manage supply chain risks.
Cyber supply chain risk management processes are identified, established, assessed, managed, and agreed to by organizational stakeholders
Suppliers and third party partners of information systems, components, and services are identified, prioritized, and assessed using a cyber supply chain risk assessment process
Contracts with suppliers and third-party partners are used to implement appropriate measures designed to meet the objectives of an organization’s cybersecurity program and Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management Plan.
Suppliers and third-party partners are routinely assessed using audits, test results, or other forms of evaluations to confirm they are meeting their contractual obligations.
Response and recovery planning and testing are conducted with suppliers and third-party providers
Develop and implement appropriate safeguards to ensure delivery of critical services.
Access to physical and logical assets and associated facilities is limited to authorized users, processes, and devices, and is managed consistent with the assessed risk of unauthorized access to authorized activities and transactions.
Identities and credentials are issued, managed, verified, revoked, and audited for authorized devices, users and processes
Physical access to assets is managed and protected
Remote access is managed
Access permissions and authorizations are managed, incorporating the principles of least privilege and separation of duties
Network integrity is protected (e.g., network segregation, network segmentation)
Identities are proofed and bound to credentials and asserted in interactions
Users, devices, and other assets are authenticated (e.g., single-factor, multi-factor) commensurate with the risk of the transaction (e.g., individuals’ security and privacy risks and other organizational risks)
The organization’s personnel and partners are provided cybersecurity awareness education and are trained to perform their cybersecurity-related duties and responsibilities consistent with related policies, procedures, and agreements.
All users are informed and trained
Privileged users understand their roles and responsibilities
Third-party stakeholders (e.g., suppliers, customers, partners) understand their roles and responsibilities
Senior executives understand their roles and responsibilities
Physical and cybersecurity personnel understand their roles and responsibilities
Information and records (data) are managed consistent with the organization’s risk strategy to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information.
Data-at-rest is protected
Data-in-transit is protected
Assets are formally managed throughout removal, transfers, and disposition
Adequate capacity to ensure availability is maintained
Protections against data leaks are implemented
Integrity checking mechanisms are used to verify software, firmware, and information integrity
The development and testing environment(s) are separate from the production environment
Integrity checking mechanisms are used to verify hardware integrity
Security policies (that address purpose, scope, roles, responsibilities, management commitment, and coordination among organizational entities), processes, and procedures are maintained and used to manage protection of information systems and assets.
A baseline configuration of information technology/industrial control systems is created and maintained incorporating security principles (e.g. concept of least functionality)
A System Development Life Cycle to manage systems is implemented
Configuration change control processes are in place
Backups of information are conducted, maintained, and tested
Policy and regulations regarding the physical operating environment for organizational assets are met
Data is destroyed according to policy
Protection processes are improved
Effectiveness of protection technologies is shared
Response plans (Incident Response and Business Continuity) and recovery plans (Incident Recovery and Disaster Recovery) are in place and managed
Response and recovery plans are tested
Cybersecurity is included in human resources practices (e.g., deprovisioning, personnel screening)
A vulnerability management plan is developed and implemented
Maintenance and repairs of industrial control and information system components are performed consistent with policies and procedures.
Maintenance and repair of organizational assets are performed and logged, with approved and controlled tools
Remote maintenance of organizational assets is approved, logged, and performed in a manner that prevents unauthorized access
Technical security solutions are managed to ensure the security and resilience of systems and assets, consistent with related policies, procedures, and agreements.
Audit/log records are determined, documented, implemented, and reviewed in accordance with policy
Removable media is protected and its use restricted according to policy
The principle of least functionality is incorporated by configuring systems to provide only essential capabilities
Communications and control networks are protected
Mechanisms (e.g., failsafe, load balancing, hot swap) are implemented to achieve resilience requirements in normal and adverse situations
Develop and implement appropriate activities to identify the occurrence of a cybersecurity event.
Anomalous activity is detected and the potential impact of events is understood.
A baseline of network operations and expected data flows for users and systems is established and managed
Detected events are analyzed to understand attack targets and methods
Event data are collected and correlated from multiple sources and sensors
Impact of events is determined
Incident alert thresholds are established
The information system and assets are monitored to identify cybersecurity events and verify the effectiveness of protective measures.
The network is monitored to detect potential cybersecurity events
The physical environment is monitored to detect potential cybersecurity events
Personnel activity is monitored to detect potential cybersecurity events
Malicious code is detected
Unauthorized mobile code is detected
External service provider activity is monitored to detect potential cybersecurity events
Monitoring for unauthorized personnel, connections, devices, and software is performed
Vulnerability scans are performed
Detection processes and procedures are maintained and tested to ensure awareness of anomalous events.
Roles and responsibilities for detection are well defined to ensure accountability
Detection activities comply with all applicable requirements
Detection processes are tested
Event detection information is communicated
Detection processes are continuously improved
Develop and implement appropriate activities to take action regarding a detected cybersecurity incident.
Analysis is conducted to ensure effective response and support recovery activities.
Notifications from detection systems are investigated
The impact of the incident is understood
Forensics are performed
Incidents are categorized consistent with response plans
Processes are established to receive, analyze and respond to vulnerabilities disclosed to the organization from internal and external sources (e.g. internal testing, security bulletins, or security researchers)
Response activities are coordinated with internal and external stakeholders (e.g. external support from law enforcement agencies).
Personnel know their roles and order of operations when a response is needed
Incidents are reported consistent with established criteria
Information is shared consistent with response plans
Coordination with stakeholders occurs consistent with response plans
Voluntary information sharing occurs with external stakeholders to achieve broader cybersecurity situational awareness
Organizational response activities are improved by incorporating lessons learned from current and previous detection/response activities.
Response plans incorporate lessons learned
Response strategies are updated
Activities are performed to prevent expansion of an event, mitigate its effects, and resolve the incident.
Incidents are contained
Incidents are mitigated
Newly identified vulnerabilities are mitigated or documented as accepted risks
Response processes and procedures are executed and maintained, to ensure response to detected cybersecurity incidents.
Response plan is executed during or after an incident
Develop and implement appropriate activities to maintain plans for resilience and to restore any capabilities or services that were impaired due to a cybersecurity incident.
Restoration activities are coordinated with internal and external parties (e.g. coordinating centers, Internet Service Providers, owners of attacking systems, victims, other CSIRTs, and vendors).
Public relations are managed
Reputation is repaired after an incident
Recovery activities are communicated to internal and external stakeholders as well as executive and management teams
Recovery planning and processes are improved by incorporating lessons learned into future activities.
Recovery plans incorporate lessons learned
Recovery strategies are updated
Recovery processes and procedures are executed and maintained to ensure restoration of systems or assets affected by cybersecurity incidents.
Recovery plan is executed during or after a cybersecurity incident