





          The Consolidated Compartment Fire Model (CCFM) Computer Code
            Application CCFM.VENTS - Part IV: User's Reference Guide


             Glenn P. Forney, Leonard Y. Cooper and William F. Moss


                                    ABSTRACT

     A project was carried out at The National Institute of Standards and
     Technology (NIST) to study the feasibility of developing a new-
     generation, multi-room, compartment fire model computer code, called
     the Consolidated Compartment Fire Model (CCFM) computer code.  The idea
     was that such a code would consolidate past progress in zone-type
     compartment fire modeling, and allow readily for integration of future
     advances with the greatest possible flexibility.  Desired features of
     the CCFM would include:  comprehensive documentation, user-
     friendliness, significant modularity, numerical robustness, and
     versatility in the sense that the code would provide a capability of
     analyzing a particular compartment fire problem by using any one of a
     range of physical-phenomena-modeling sophistication, from the most
     basic to the most comprehensive.  The project led to the development of
     a prototype multi-room CCFM product called CCFM.VENTS.  CCFM.VENTS
     involves a model formulation and code structure that allows for the
     required future CCFM growth flexibility.  It has a relatively
     sophisticated and very general room-to-room forced and unforced vent
     flow capability.  Finally, the CCM.VENTS code uses the simplest
     possible, point-source-plume, smoke-filling fire physics in the rooms-
     of-fire-origin and a very simple heat transfer calculation there and in
     other spaces.

     This is Part IV of a four-part report which documents CCFM.VENTS.  The
     main objective of this Part IV document is to document the use of
     CCFM.VENTS.  Its capabilities and limitations are described.  A simple
     two room tutorial is presented to get the user quickly acquainted with
     the input requirements of CCFM.VENTS.  Each CCFM.VENTS command is
     described.  Finally, a program for plotting CCFM.VENTS data is
     presented.  This program runs on an IBM-PC or compatibles with a VGA
     graphics monitor.

     The other three parts of this report are: Part I: Physical Basis; Part
     II Software Reference Guide; Part III: Catalog of Algorithms and
     Subroutines.

     Keywords:  building fires; compartment fires; computer models; fire
                models; mathematical models; vents; zone models







                                          1





     1.   Introduction

     1.1  Background

     A project was carried out at The National Institute of Standards and
     Technology (NIST) to study the feasibility of developing a new-
     generation, multi-room, compartment fire model computer code, called
     the Consolidated Compartment Fire Model (CCFM) computer code.  The idea
     was that such a code would consolidate past progress in zone-type
     compartment fire modeling, and allow readily for integration of future
     advances with the greatest possible flexibility.  Desired features of
     the CCFM would include:  comprehensive documentation, user-
     friendliness, significant modularity, numerical robustness, and
     versatility in the sense that the code would provide a capability of
     analyzing a particular compartment fire problem by using any one of a
     range of physical-phenomena-modeling sophistication, from the most
     basic to the most comprehensive.  The project led to the development of
     a prototype multi-room CCFM product called CCFM.VENTS.  CCFM.VENTS
     involves a model formulation and code structure that allows for the
     required future CCFM growth flexibility.  It has a relatively
     sophisticated and very general room-to-room forced and unforced vent
     flow capability.  Finally, the CCM.VENTS code uses the simplest
     possible, point-source-plume, smoke-filling fire physics in the rooms-
     of-fire-origin and a very simple heat transfer calculation there and in
     other spaces.

     CCFM.VENTS is designed to be easily used and can be installed on
     readily available micro-computer hardware.

     This user's reference guide is the last of a four-part report which
     documents all aspects of CCFM.VENTS.

     In Part I [2], introductory remarks discuss the generic features of
     CCFM, the CCFM development process, and the specific features of
     CCFM.VENTS.  The main objective of Part I is to present a comprehensive
     description and technical basis of the governing equations used in
     CCFM.VENTS.

     Part II [3] is a software reference guide.  It presents the generic and
     CCFM.VENTS-specific features of the framework of CCFM software.  This
     includes features of both program and data structures; numerical
     considerations used to treat the solution to the CCFM equation set; and
     a presentation of methods of using the CCFM structure to generate
     stages of the computer model beyond CCFM.VENTS.

     Part III [4] is a catalog of all the physical algorithms and associated
     modular computer subroutines used in CCFM.VENTS.  The purpose of the
     catalog is to allow the interested user to learn, with relative ease
     and to any required level of detail, how the software carries out any
     particular aspect of the overall CCFM simulation.  The catalog
     algorithm/subroutine entries are also available for use by people who


                                          2





     may be interested in developing for their own particular needs a
     compartment fire model computer program other than the CCFM.

     This document, Part IV, is the CCFM.VENTS user's reference guide.  The
     main objective is to provide a guide that will allow the user of the
     program to easily and quickly simulate compartment fire scenarios of
     particular interest.


     1.2  An Overview of CCFM.VENTS Capabilities and Inputs

     CCFM.VENTS is a multi-room compartment fire model.  It involves a
     relatively sophisticated and very general room-to-room forced and
     unforced vent flow capability.  The program uses the simplest possible,
     point-source-plume, smoke-filling fire physics in the rooms-of-fire-
     origin and a very simple heat transfer calculation there and in other
     spaces.  The model can also be used to simulate wind conditions and
     stack effect.

     To carry out a particular fire simulation with CCFM.VENTS the user must
     supply information on the characteristics of the rooms, the natural
     vents, the forced vents, the fires, and the outside environment.  Also
     required are the initial conditions which describe the state of the
     two-layer environment in each room of the simulated facility.  The
     model requires inputs which describe the plan area, and ceiling heights
     of each room of the modeled facility.  The area and top and bottom
     elevations of adjacent-room rectangular vents (i.e., doors, windows,
     and cracks) are also required as input.  CCFM.VENTS uses a specified
     fire.  A specified fire consists of pairs of values for time and energy
     release which describe the fire's growth throughout the course of the
     simulation.  Depending on the type of simulation required, other input
     data are also required, e.g., to simulate the action of forced
     ventilation systems, wind and stack effects, and concentrations of
     products of combustion throughout the facility .

     The physical units used in CCFM.VENTS are given in Table 1.1.1.

















                                          3





     ______________________________________________________________________
     Table 1.1.1      CCFM.VENTS Physical Units
     ______________________________________________________________________

          quantity                Unit  

          length                  [m]
          area                    [m**2]
          volume                  [m**3]
          mass                    [kg]
          density                 [kg/m**3]
          product concentration   [unit of product/kg of total mass]
          pressure                [p] = [N/m**2] = [kg/(m s)**2]
                note: 101325 [Pa]   1 atmosphere
          temperature             [K]
          power                   [w]

     ______________________________________________________________________


     To orient the CCFM.VENTS user, an overview of inputs to the program
     will be discussed in Section 2 and the functions of some of the main
     CCFM.VENTS input commands will be introduced.  The detailed mechanics
     of implementing all CCFM.VENTS input are described in Section 3:
     Getting Started and in Section 4: Setting Up a Case.  Section 3
     provides a tutorial on how to get started quickly in implementing
     CCFM.VENTS by bringing the user through the input procedure for a
     simple two-room fire scenario.  Section 4 explains several different
     methods for entering data to CCFM.VENTS, including: using commands,
     using screen input, and using a system text editor to modify an input
     file for a pre-existing case.  Section 5 lists and identifies the
     components of all CCFM.VENTS commands.  Finally, Section 6 presents how
     to use a plotting program provided with the IBM-PC version of
     CCFM.VENTS.


     2.   Inputs to Specify the Fire Scenario

     2.1  Inside Room Geometry and the Outside Environment

     Independent sets of numbers are used to designate the inside rooms, the
     natural vents, and the forced vents (i.e., the fan/vent systems) of a
     facility of interest.

     When dealing with wind environments and for other applications, it will
     be useful to divide conceptually the outside environment into a number
     of different spaces.  These outside spaces, referred to as outside
     "rooms," within the context of CCFM.VENTS would also be given
     designations from an independent numbering system.  When identifying
     one of these outside spaces, e.g., to specify that it is one of the two
     spaces joined by a vent, its assigned integer in the specification is
     distinguished from that of the inside room by use of the negative of

                                          4





     its designated integer value.  In what is likely the most typical of
     simulated fire scenario, when the outside environment is taken to be
     quiescent and uniform, only one outside space is required.  This space
     would be designated as outside-environment space 1, or outside room 1.

     The specified geometric properties of each inside room are the
     elevation of the floor relative to a datum elevation, the elevation of
     the ceiling above the floor, and floor area.  These are entered using
     the ROOM command.

     A summary of CCFM.VENTS input bounds are given in Table 2.1.1.

     ______________________________________________________________________
     Table 2.1.1      CCFM.VENTS Parameter Bounds
     ______________________________________________________________________

          bound             description

          9           maximum number of inside rooms
          4           maximum number of outside rooms
          20          maximum number of vents (unforced+forced vents)
          20          maximum number of fires
          5           maximum number of products of combustion
     ______________________________________________________________________





























                                          5






     Analogous to the floor-elevation specification for each inside room, is
     a specified reference elevation above the datum elevation for each
     outside room.

     The specified properties of each outside room are (1) the reference
     elevation, relative to the datum elevation; (2) the reference pressure,
     relative to the datum pressure, at the latter elevation;  (3) the
     density; and the concentration in the outside room of all simulated
     products of combustion.  All of these outside room properties are
     entered using the AMB command.


     2.2  Natural and Forced Vent Characteristics

     A pair of rooms can exchange mass, enthalpy, and products of combustion
     through natural, unforced vents and forced vents.  Natural vents are
     rectangular openings in vertical wall segments common to two adjacent
     rooms.  Forced vents are made up of fan/duct ventilation systems.  Each
     one of these systems has a single endpoint duct opening in each room of
     the pair being connected by the system.

     The specified properties of each natural vent are (1) the numerical
     designation of the vent; (2) the numerical designation of the two
     inside rooms (or the inside room and outside room) connected by the
     vent, one of these being identified arbitrarily as the "from" room and
     the other as the "to" room; (3) the area of the vent; and (4) the
     elevations, above the floor of the "from" room, of the bottom and top
     of the vent.  All of these are entered using the VENT command.

     The specified properties of each forced vent are:  the numerical
     designation of the vent, the numerical designation of the "from" room
     and the "to" room under normal fan-operating conditions; the elevations
     above the floors of their respective rooms of the midpoints of the
     fan/duct system endpoints; and the heights of the rectangular duct end-
     point vents in the "from" and in the "to" rooms.  If the volume flow
     rate through the vent is known, then the value of this flow rate must
     be specified.  If the volume flow rate is to be calculated from the
     vent/duct forced ventilation system, the also specified are the flow
     resistances of the duct during forward and backward flow conditions;
     and a set of pairs of values of volume flow-rate and cross-fan pressure
     which identify points on the fan curve.  All of the forced-vent
     specifications are entered using the FVENT command.
     2.3  The Fire

     CCFM.VENTS is limited to specified fires.  Thus, the effect of the fire
     environment on fire growth can only be taken account of by explicit
     user specification of the fire's energy- and product-release rates. 
     For the results of a CCFM.VENTS simulation to be credible, it is the
     responsibility of the user to insure that the CCFM.VENTS-predicted
     environment in a room of fire origin (e.g., the predicted oxygen


                                          6





     concentrations and temperatures of the layers) is consistent with the
     user-specified fire growth.

     The specified properties of a fire are:  the numerical designation of
     the fire; the number of the room that contains the fire; the elevation
     of the fire above the floor; and a set of pairs of values of energy
     release-rate and time which identify points on the specified curve of
     fire-energy-release-rate vs time.  In the simulation, the fire-energy-
     release-rate at an arbitrary time is obtained by interpolating between
     or extrapolating beyond the specified data points.  The above fire
     characteristics are entered using the FIRE command.

     A set of integers is used to number and designate those products of
     combustion whose concentrations are to be simulated.  At an arbitrary
     instant of time it is assumed that a fire's release rate of product-of-
     combustion k, P(k,source), can be reasonably modeled as being
     proportional to the energy-release-rate of the fire, i.e.,


                      P(k,source) = factor(k)*Q


     Thus, for product k, the specified property of the product-generation-
     rate is the constant, factork.  The default product of combustion for k
     = 1 is oxygen and a default value for factor(1) is specified as -
     0.076(10-6) [(kg of O2)/W].  For other products, it is reasonable to
     choose the factor(k)'s based on  experimental free burn data of the
     combustible being simulated.  With such choices, the product generation
     rates would be well simulated at least until the combustion zone was
     predicted to be submerged in a significantly vitiated local
     environment.  The proportionality constants, factork, are entered using
     the FACTOR command.

     2.4  Determining the Fire Environment and Specifying the Initial
     Conditions

     CCFM.VENTS determines the fire environment in each inside room from the
     values of the solved variables: pressure at the floor above a datum
     pressure; elevation of the interface which separates the layers; mass
     in the upper and lower layers; and the amount in the upper and lower
     layers of each simulated product k.  From an equation of state and from
     the definition of density and concentration by mass, CCFM.VENTS
     calculates from the solution variables the values of the temperatures,
     densities, and concentrations of gasses in the layers.  All of these
     latter calculated variables are derived variables.

     The environment in each room of the facility must be initialized.  This
     is done by defining the initial values of the solution variables with
     the use of the INIT and INITP commands.  The burden of initializing all
     rooms of a facility is simplified significantly through use of the AUTO
     command.  AUTO sets up the initialization for a simulation under the
     assumptions that:  the upper layer in each room is of zero thickness,

                                          7





     i.e., the interface is at the ceiling; throughout all inside rooms of
     the facility and all outside rooms of the environment the density and
     concentration of each product of combustion are at uniform user-
     specified values; the pressure at the floor of each room of the
     facility is set so that, in the absence of a fire or of operating
     forced ventilation systems, zero flow conditions would persist through
     all natural vents.

     Although the use of the AUTO command feature may not initialize a
     particular scenario as desired, it is typically useful to use AUTO and
     to then make modifications as required to the resulting initialized
     variables.


     2.5  Specifying a Simulation Which Accounts for Wind Loading and/or
     Stack Effect

     CCFM.VENTS is capable of simulating the effects of wind loading and/or
     stack effect.  The reader is referred to Section 4 of Part I [2] for a
     more detailed discussion of the basis of this capability.


     2.5.1  Simulating Wind Loading

     The CCFM.VENTS capability of designating multiple outside spaces can be
     used to simulate the pressure distributions at different vent locations
     on the exterior of a facility in a wind environment.  One possible
     method of using CCFM.VENTS to simulate such wind conditions is outlined
     briefly below.

     Designate outside room 1 as a quiescent environment and specify its
     density, RHOREF, reference pressure, PREF, and reference elevation,
     YREF.

     Now assume that the quiescent environment has a uniform far-field wind
     velocity with wind speed,VWIND.

     Consider a vent of a facility of interest which is exposed to the
     outside wind environment.  Assume that an analysis of wind flow around
     the facility allows one to determine the local pressure coefficient,
     CPRESSURE at the location of the exposed-side of the vent of interest. 
     Thus, if dpQUIESCENT and dpWIND are the relative outside pressures
     local to the vent in the quiescent and wind environments, respectively,
     then, by definition of CPRESSURE


          DP(WIND) = DP(quiescent) + Cpressure*(rhoamb*Vwind**2/2)


     In view of the above, a new outside space is introduced, where the new
     space is defined as having the same properties of the original


                                          8





     quiescent-environment space, but with a new reference pressure
     specified to be

          DP(REFNEW) = DP(REF) + Cpressure*(RhoAmb*Vwind**2/2)
           

     The "room" on the exposed side of the vent of interest is now
     designated as this new outside space.

     Now the above procedure is repeated for each exposed vent of the
     facility.  At the end of the process there will be defined one outside
     space for each unique value of Cpressure.

     With the modified input data, the CCFM.VENTS simulation would now
     include the desired effect of wind loading.


     2.5.2  Simulating Stack Effect

     Flows through natural vents located on the exterior walls of the
     facility (e.g., cracks, open windows, or doors) can be driven by cross-
     vent pressure differences which are set up as a result of a density
     difference between the interior of a facility and the outside
     environment.  The flow exchange phenomenon is called stack effect.

     The combined phenomena of stack-effect-driven flows and fire-driven
     flows can be simulated with CCFM.VENTS.  One possible way to do this is
     outlined briefly:

     Initialize the simulation using AUTO, setting the uniform inside and
     outside density at the desired inside value.  Now modify the outside
     environment by specifying the desired outside density using AMB.

     With the modified input data, the CCFM.VENTS simulation will include
     the desired phenomenon of stack effect.  Further modification according
     to Section 2.5.1 leads to a capability of simulating the combined
     effect of fire, wind, and stack effect.
















                                          9





     3.  Getting Started

     General information about a command may be obtained by typing HELP
     followed by the command.  The usage, purpose and pertinent background
     information concerning the command will then be displayed.  Information
     about the values of CCFM.VENT variables may be obtained by entering
     commands without arguments.  This feature of the input module may be
     used to verify the values of entered data.

     ______________________________________________________________________
     Note :     It is clear that CCFM.VENTS displays many more digits than
                are physically meaningful.  The extra digits displayed are
                needed for investigating numerical problems that might occur
                in a physical calculation.  For example, numerical
                cancellation will typically show up in the last few digits
                in a calculation.
     ______________________________________________________________________

     3.1  The Default Case

     CCFM.VENTS Case 3.1.1 contains a listing of the commands that are used
     to specify the default fire scenario for CCFM.  This is the case that
     will be run if you type BEGIN immediately after you start up
     CCFM.VENTS.  It is  a one room case with a fire with a constant energy
     release rate of 250,000 watts.  The area of the floor is 20m**2, the
     ceiling height is 3m and it has one vent about the size of a door.
     ______________________________________________________________________
     CCFM Case 3.1.1  CCFM Commands for the Default Fire Scenario
     ______________________________________________________________________

       ; -------------------------------------
       ; PROPERTIES INDEPENDENT OF TIME
       ; -------------------------------------

      TIME , , ,   .1000E+01   .1000E+01 N
      NUM   -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
      CONS   .3500E+00   .8000E+00   .6000E+00   .10000E+04  .1013250E+06
      CONV ABS    .1000E-05   .1000E-05   .1000E-05   .1000E-02   .1000E-02
      CONV REL    .1000E-05   .1000E-05   .1000E-05   .1000E-02   .1000E-02
      PARMS  2 N N
      PATH
      FILES,OUT1,OUTFULL,PLOTF
      REPORT  Y N N Y Y N
      OPTIONS N,,Y,, N
      TITLE DUMP   DUMP TITLE
      TITLE OUTPUT OUTPUT TITLE
      TITLE PLOT   PLOT TITLE

       ; FIRE PROPERTIES

      FIRE   1   1   .000000E+00   .250000E+06


                                         10





       ; ROOM DIMENSIONS

      ROOM  1   .0000E+00   .3000E+01   .2000E+02

      AMB  1   .0000E+00   .0000E+00   .1200E+01
      AMB  1 ,,,,

       ; VENT DIMENSIONS

      VENT  1  1 -1   .20000E+01   .00000E+00   .20000E+01

       ; NO PRODUCTS DEFINED


       ;   -------------------------------------
       ;        PROPERTIES THAT DEPEND ON TIME
       ;   -------------------------------------

       TIME 0. 20.
      INIT  1   .00000000E+00  .30000000E+01  .12000000E+01   .12000000E+01

     ______________________________________________________________________

     To start up CCFM.VENTS on an MS-DOS compatible micro-computer, move to
     the directory containing CCFM.VENTS and type CCFM.  To run the default
     case type BEGIN as soon as the program starts up.  The output generated
     on the screen by CCFM.VENTS when running the default case is as
     follows:

     CCFM>BEGIN

      THE FILE,OUTFULL,HAS BEEN OPENED
      THE FILE,PLOTF,HAS BEEN OPENED
      THE FILE,OUT1,HAS BEEN OPENED
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .000000E+00
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 .000000000E+00 .300000000E+01 .295531250E+03 .295531250E+03
      DERIVS=  .333333333E+03 -.115148778E+00 .259438382E+01 -.259438382E+01
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .100000E+01
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 .672121186E-02 .288821273E+01 .295531256E+03 .315422191E+03
      DERIVS= -.848107350E-06 -.108519105E+00 .243527181E+01 -.260445866E+01
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .200000E+01
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 .672121183E-02 .278278473E+01 .295531256E+03 .316044946E+03
      DERIVS= -.237595911E-07 -.102421308E+00 .228892466E+01 -.245811150E+01
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .300000E+01
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 .672121163E-02 .268321076E+01 .295531256E+03 .316671767E+03
      DERIVS=  .388492985E-05 -.968017393E-01 .215405501E+01 -.232324185E+01

                                        *

                                         11





                                        *
                                        *

      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .180000E+02
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 .519595094E-03 .167839745E+01 .295531261E+03 .326522142E+03
      DERIVS= -.162089072E-02 -.421727635E-01 .856487976E+00 -.101214675E+01
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .190000E+02
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 -.427530503E-04 .163766854E+01 .295531262E+03 .327200319E+03
      DERIVS=  .483494437E+00 -.392965723E-01 .790682431E+00 -.942983736E+00
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .200000E+02
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 -.707380739E-03 .159974475E+01 .295531263E+03 .327879204E+03
      DERIVS=  -.587761398E-02 -.365674295E-01 .728290750E+00-.877620277E+00



     3.2  A Two Room Tutorial

     This section provides an example of a simple 2-room fire scenario.  The
     case is illustrated in Figure 3.2.1 and data for it is given in Table
     3.2.1

     (Figure not included)

     Figure 3.2.1  Sample Two Room Case

     The dimensions for this example are typical of those found in
     residential buildings.  This case consists of two rooms.  The first
     room is connected to the second room and the outside via an open door. 
     The second room is connected to the outside via an open window.  The
     floor of the second room is at a different elevation than the first. 
     The fire is constant with an energy release rate of 300,000 w.  This is
     typical of a small sofa or chair.  The floor areas  in each room are 25
     [m**2] and the ceiling heights are 3.0 [m].  The floor height is
     measured with respect to the datum elevation while the ceiling, layer,
     vent top and bottom elevations are measured with respect to the floor
     elevation.














                                         12





     ______________________________________________________________________
     Table 3.2.1      Two Room Input Scenario
     ______________________________________________________________________

     Inside Room  Floor Height*[m]  Floor Area [m**2]  Ceiling Height**[m]

     1                0.                25.               3.
     2                .5                25.               3.

     Vent  bottom***[m]  top*** [m]  area [m**2]  from room**** to room****

     1          0.          2.          2.          1           -1
     2          1.          3.          2.          1           2
     3          1.          2.          1.          2           -1

     Fire       Fire Height** [m] Fire Size [w]

     1          0.          300,000

     *     floor heights are measured with respect to the datum elevation
     **   ceiling height are measured with respect to the floor elevation
     ***  vent heights are measured with respect to floor elevation of the
     "from" room
     **** outside room numbers are negative
     ______________________________________________________________________


     Text generated by CCFM is presented using UPPER-CASE.

     To start CCFM type:

     ccfm

     followed by the "enter"  key.  The following menu of CCFM commands will
     appear.  Information about these commands is contained in section 5 of
     this user's guide.  On-line help for each command may be obtained by
     typing help com1 where com1 is one of the following menu commands.

      INITIALIZING MENUS
       ITRACE=N IBRIEF=N ITTY=Y LEVEL= 0 IBATCH=N
                       CCFM.VENT
      CONSTANTS  MODEL      OUTPUT     MISC
      --------------------------------------------
      CONS       ROOM       PATH       OPTIONS
      NUM        FIRE       FILES      BEGIN
      CHECK      VENT       TIME       QUIT
      CONV       FVENT      REPORT     LOAD
      PARMS      INITP      TITLE      RERUN
      FACTOR     INIT       VALUES     DUMP
      AMB        AUTO                  HELP



                                         13





     The output from this case is contained in the file OUTFULL.  To change
     the file names  use the FILES command.

     To enter the two room scenario described by Figure 3.2 and Table 3.1.
     use the  commands room, vent, fire and time.  After starting CCFM.VENTS
     enter room 1 to specify data for the first room.  The default data for
     room 1 is displayed.  Some of these entries will be changed to values
     needed for the two room case.

      CCFM>  room 1

       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:ROOM
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   INSIDE ROOM NUMBER                                   1
        2   FLOOR HEIGHT ABOVE DATUM ELEVATION [M]               .0000E+00
        3   CEILING HEIGHT ABOVE FLOOR [M]                       .3000E+01
        4   FLOOR AREA [M**2]                                    .2000E+02

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  4 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>

     Each screen command contains three columns labeled FIELD, DESCRIPTION
     and CONTENTS.  To change a field's contents type the field number
     followed by the new value.  Type 4 25. display to change the floor area
     to 25m**2 and refresh the screen.
     ______________________________________________________________________
     Important Note:  Only the first character of the screen commands:
                      display, help, ok, cancel, revert, are required.  So
                      you may abbreviate these commands with d, h, o, c and
                      r respectively.
     ______________________________________________________________________

      4 25. display















                                         14





       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:ROOM
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   INSIDE ROOM NUMBER                                   1
        2   FLOOR HEIGHT ABOVE DATUM ELEVATION [M]               .0000E+00
        3   CEILING HEIGHT ABOVE FLOOR [M]                       .3000E+01
        4   FLOOR AREA [M**2]                                    25.

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  4 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>

     To exit screen mode type ok.  Notice that CCFM.VENTS displays the room
     data on the screen that was entered.

     ? ok

       ROOM= 1 YFLOR=  .0000E+00 YCEIL=  .3000E+01 AROOM=  .2500E+02
                        CCFM.VENT
      CONSTANTS  MODEL      OUTPUT     MISC
      --------------------------------------------
      CONS       ROOM       PATH       OPTIONS
      NUM        FIRE       FILES      BEGIN
      CHECK      VENT       TIME       QUIT
      CONV       FVENT      REPORT     LOAD
      PARMS      INITP      TITLE      RERUN
      FACTOR     INIT       VALUES     DUMP
      AMB        AUTO                  HELP




      CCFM>


     By default ,CCFM's menu is printed out after each command is entered. 
     A change in this behavior may be desired after  familiarity with
     CCFM.VENTS is achieved .  To do this enter the option command.

     ? options










                                         15





       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:OPTIONS
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   TRACE PROGRAM FLOW (Y,N) - NOT USED                  N
        2   INHIBIT MENU DISPLAY AFTER EACH COMMAND              N
        3   OUTPUT RESULTS TO TERMINAL                           Y
        4   MINIMUM LEVEL OF MESSAGE PRINTED (0,1,2)             0
        5   PROGRAM TO BE EXECUTED IN BATCH MODE                 N

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  5 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>

     To turn off  the menu display, change field 2 to y by typing 2 y ok

     ? 2 y ok

       ITRACE=N IBRIEF=Y ITTY=Y LEVEL= 0 IBATCH=N
      CCFM>

     To enter room 2's characteristics type:

     ? room 2

       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:ROOM
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   INSIDE ROOM NUMBER                                   2
        2   FLOOR HEIGHT ABOVE DATUM ELEVATION [M]
        3   CEILING HEIGHT ABOVE FLOOR [M]
        4   FLOOR AREA [M**2]

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  4 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>

     Several fields may be changed at once.  In this case, field's 2, 3 and
     4  will be changed .  To exit screen mode immediately, let the last
     parameter be an ok (exit with saved data).  Again note that only the
     first character of ok, 'o' is required.

     ? 2 .5 3 2.5 4 25. ok

       ROOM= 2 YFLOR=  .5000E+00 YCEIL=  .2500E+01 AROOM=  .2500E+02
      CCFM>


                                         16





     To see the data for all rooms entered so far type the CCFM.VENTS
     command room without any room number.

     ? room

       ROOM= 1 YFLOR=  .0000E+00 YCEIL=  .3000E+01 AROOM=  .2500E+02
       ROOM= 2 YFLOR=  .5000E+00 YCEIL=  .2500E+01 AROOM=  .2500E+02
      CCFM>

     Now the vent characteristics need to be entered.  The format for
     entering data to the vent command is the same as the room command.  In
     fact ,the data entry format is the same for all the screen commands. 
     The default data is what  is needed for the two room scenario.  To
     enter data for the second vent type:


      vent 2

       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:VENT
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   VENT NUMBER                                          2
        2   FROM ROOM
        3   TO ROOM
        4   VENT AREA [M**2]
        5   VENT BOTTOM HEIGHT [M]
        6   VENT TOP HEIGHT [M]

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  6 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>

     ? 2 1  3 2  4 2.  5 0.  6 2.   display

       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:VENT
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   VENT NUMBER                                          2
        2   FROM ROOM                                            1
        3   TO ROOM                                              2
        4   VENT AREA [M**2]                                     2.
        5   VENT BOTTOM HEIGHT [M]                               1.
        6   VENT TOP HEIGHT [M]                                  3.

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  6 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA

                                         17





      SCREEN>  ok

       VENT NUMBER= 2 IFROM= 1 ITO= 2
       AREA=  .2000E+01 BOTTOM=  .0000E+00 TOP=  .2000E+01

     The data for a vent can be entered on one line by typing:

      CCFM>  vent  3 2   -1 1.  1. 2.

       VENT NUMBER= 3 IFROM= 2 ITO=-1
       AREA=  .1000E+01 BOTTOM=  .1000E+01 TOP=  .2000E+01
      CCFM>

     To see the data for all vents entered so far enter VENT without any
     vent numbers.  To see the contents of most CCFM.VENTS commands, type
     the command without any arguments.

     ? vent

       VENT NUMBER= 1 IFROM= 1 ITO=-1
       AREA=  .2000E+01 BOTTOM=  .0000E+00 TOP=  .2000E+01
       VENT NUMBER= 2 IFROM= 1 ITO= 2
       AREA=  .2000E+01 BOTTOM=  .1000E+01 TOP=  .3000E+01
       VENT NUMBER= 3 IFROM= 2 ITO=-1
       AREA=  .1000E+01 BOTTOM=  .1000E+01 TOP=  .2000E+01
      CCFM>

     To specify a fire enter fire followed by the fire number.  CCFM.VENTS
     allows up to 20 independent fires.   Each fire can have its own time
     history , height above the floor and room of fire origin.

     ? fire 1

       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:FIRE
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   FIRE NUMBER                                          1
        2   ROOM NUMBER                                          1
        3   HEIGHT OF FIRE ABOVE FLOOR [M]                   .000000000E+00
        4   FIRE SIZE [W] ENTER "V" TO SPECIFY MULTIPLE VALUES   .250000E+06

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  4 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>

     Change the fire size to 300000  [w] by typing 4 300000  ok   .

     ? 4 300000. ok


                                         18





      FIRE NUM=  1 ROOM NUM= 1 FIRE HEIGHT= .0000E+00FIRE SIZE=  .300000E+06
      CCFM>

     To enter parameters defining simulation start and finish times; print
     and dump intervals type:

     ? time

       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:TIME
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   START OF SIMULATION [S]                              .0000E+00
        2   END OF SIMULATION [S]                               .2000E+02
        3   PRINT TIME INTERVAL [S]                              .1000E+01
        4   DUMP TIME INTERVAL [S]                               .1000E+01
        5   PRINT AT ALL SOLVER STEPS (Y,N)                      N

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  5 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>

     Change the stopping time to 300 seconds, print and dump interval times
     to 10 seconds by typing:

     ? 2 300.  3 10.  4 10.  ok

       TSTART= .0000E+00 TSTOP= .3000E+03 DPRINT= .1000E+02 DDUMP= .1000E+02
      PRINT ALL=N
      CCFM>

     The last data entry step should be to automatically initialize
     pressures, layer heights and densities for each room.  See  the AUTO
     command entry in section 5 for a description of what is done by this
     command.

     ? auto

       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:AUTO
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   DENSITY [KG/M**3]                                    .1200E+01
        2   OXYGEN CONCENTRATION [(KG OXYGEN)/(KG LAYER)]
        3   PRODUCT 2 CONCENTRATION [(UNIT PROD 2)/(KG LAYER)]
        4   PRODUCT 3 CONCENTRATION [(UNIT PROD 3)/(KG LAYER)]
        5   PRODUCT 4 CONCENTRATION [(UNIT PROD 4)/(KG LAYER)]
        6   PRODUCT 5 CONCENTRATION [(UNIT PROD 5)/(KG LAYER)]

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  6 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD

                                         19





       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>
     ? ok

      AUTO INITIALIZATION COMPLETE
      CCFM>

     ______________________________________________________________________

     Note:      Before you quit CCFM.VENTS or begin a model scenario you
                should record the scenario you entered with the dump
                command.  The dump command creates a text file of CCFM.VENTS
                commands  that can be used to re-create the case that you
                just entered.  This file can be read with a text editor. 
                This file may be loaded into CCFM.VENTS with the LOAD
                command.
     ______________________________________________________________________

     The dump command is used to create a text file of CCFM.VENTS that
     represents the given fire scenario.  To create a file named dcase2
     type:

     ? dump dcase2

      THE FILE,DCASE2,HAS BEEN OPENED
      DUMPING TO FILE:DCASE2
      CCFM>

     The file dcase2 can be examined with a text editor.  The contents of
     this file are given in CCFM.VENTS Case 3.3.2 .  To begin execution of a
     scenario just type:

     ? begin

     The following text is what appears on your terminal screen when you run
     the two room tutorial.

      THE FILE,OUTFULL,HAS BEEN OPENED
      THE FILE,PLOTF,HAS BEEN OPENED
      THE FILE,OUT1,HAS BEEN OPENED
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .000000E+00
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 .000000000E+00 .300000000E+01 .295531250E+03 .295531250E+03
      DERIVS= .320000000E+03 -.986656137E-01 .275694420E+01  -.275694420E+01
        ROOM= 2 -.588000000E+01 .250000000E+01 .295514100E+03 .295514100E+03
      DERIVS= -.135763873E-07 -.762205266E-27 .000000000E+00 -.717840258E-11
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .100000E+02
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 .493055580E-02 .221561685E+01 .295531284E+03 .323436504E+03
      DERIVS= -.950426968E-01 -.622215109E-01 .166360525E+01 -.186668974E+01

                                         20





        ROOM= 2 -.587631557E+01 .250000000E+01 .295514158E+03 .295514158E+03
      DERIVS=  .823545371E-01 .000000000E+00 .000000000E+00   .421434863E-04
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .200000E+02
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 .286830139E-03 .172472573E+01 .295531344E+03 .329890834E+03
      DERIVS=  .117776294E+00 -.341379961E-01 .849760720E+00 -.102410212E+01
        ROOM= 2 -.587661940E+01 .248667550E+01 .295514187E+03 .308770931E+03
      DERIVS= -.193700586E+00 -.487417899E-02 .139723280E+00 -.146327203E+00


                                        *
                                        *
                                        *

      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .290000E+03
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 -.291567342E+00 .144213788E+01 .297818674E+03 .371812910E+03
      DERIVS=  .426174738E-04 .847532039E-04 -.267329357E-02  .181805082E-02
        ROOM= 2 -.613091853E+01 .120412967E+01 .298335352E+03 .341233592E+03
      DERIVS=  -.569357656E-04 .868143299E-03 -.272731515E-01 .246244329E-01
      *** GENERAL *** TIME=  .300000E+03
                PRESSURE       LAYER HEIGHT        L. TEMP          U. TEMP
        ROOM= 1 -.291847137E+00 .144294706E+01 .297864685E+03 .371869716E+03
      DERIVS=  .780303515E-04 .770015714E-04 -.232412167E-02  .166867930E-02
        ROOM= 2 -.613076182E+01 .121244119E+01 .298427753E+03 .341671501E+03
      DERIVS=  .198544733E-04 .793921806E-03 -.244998456E-01  .225329773E-01


     ______________________________________________________________________
     CCFM Case 3.3.2  CCFM Commands for the Two Room Tutorial
     ______________________________________________________________________

       ; ---------------------------------------
       ; *** GENERIC CCFM INPUT ERROR CHECKS ***
       ; 0 GENERIC CCFM INPUT ERRORS FOUND
       ; ---------------------------------------
       ; -------------------------------------
       ; PROPERTIES INDEPENDENT OF TIME
       ; -------------------------------------

      TIME , , ,   .1000E+02   .1000E+02 N
      NUM   -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
      CONS   .3500E+00   .8000E+00   .6000E+00   .10000E+04  .1013250E+06
      CONV ABS    .1000E-05   .1000E-05   .1000E-05   .1000E-02   .1000E-02
      CONV REL    .1000E-05   .1000E-05   .1000E-05   .1000E-02   .1000E-02
      PARMS  2 N N
      PATH
      FILES,OUT1,OUTFULL,PLOTF
      REPORT  Y N N Y Y N
      OPTIONS N,,Y,, N
      TITLE DUMP   DUMP TITLE
      TITLE OUTPUT OUTPUT TITLE

                                         21





      TITLE PLOT   PLOT TITLE

       ; FIRE PROPERTIES

      FIRE   1   1   .000000E+00   .300000E+06

       ; ROOM DIMENSIONS

      ROOM  1   .0000E+00   .3000E+01   .2500E+02
      ROOM  2   .5000E+00   .2500E+01   .2500E+02

      AMB  1   .0000E+00   .0000E+00   .1200E+01
      AMB  1 ,,,,

       ; VENT DIMENSIONS

      VENT  1  1 -1   .20000E+01   .00000E+00   .20000E+01
      VENT  2  1  2   .20000E+01   .00000E+00   .20000E+01
      VENT  3  2 -1   .10000E+01   .10000E+01   .20000E+01

       ; NO PRODUCTS DEFINED


       ;   -------------------------------------
       ;        PROPERTIES THAT DEPEND ON TIME
       ;   -------------------------------------

       TIME 0. 300.
      INIT  1   .00000000E+00   .30000000E+01  .12000000E+01   .12000000E+01
      INIT  2  -.58800000E+01   .25000000E+01  .12000000E+01   .12000000E+01

     ______________________________________________________________________





















                                         22





     4.  Setting Up a Case

     When CCFM.VENTS starts up, a menu of commands is displayed (see Figure
     4.1).  This menu consists of all of the possible commands or choices at
     the users disposal.  There are four methods for entering data into
     CCFM.VENTS.  These are screen input mode, array input mode,  command-
     line input mode and a text editor.  Screen Mode was used in the two
     room tutorial given in section 2.  Array input mode is a variant of
     screen input mode used to input arrays of data.  This mode of data
     input is used when entering a non-constant fire or entering a fan curve
     for modeling forced ventilation.  Command line mode consists of using
     the CCFM.VENTS commands as defined in section 5.  A text editor may be
     used to enter CCFM.VENTS' commands into a text file.  This file would
     then be "loaded" into CCFM.VENTS with the LOAD command.  This method
     would be used to make small changes in cases already set up.

     Experienced users will probably find the Command Line mode more
     convenient, but it is recommended that beginners start out with the
     Screen Mode.

                             CCFM.VENT
          CONSTANTS  MODEL      OUTPUT     MISC
          --------------------------------------------
          CONS       ROOM       PATH       OPTIONS
          NUM        FIRE       FILES      BEGIN
          CHECK      VENT       TIME       QUIT
          CONV       FVENT      REPORT     LOAD
          PARMS      INITP      TITLE      RERUN
          FACTOR     INIT       VALUES     DUMP
          AMB        AUTO                  HELP



     Figure 4.1.  CCFM.VENTS Command Menu

     To ensure that the user knows the current input mode there is always a
     prompt for the type of input CCFM.VENTS is expecting.  While in command
     line mode the string CCFM> appears against the left margin of the
     terminal screen.  Similarly while in screen and array input mode the
     strings SCREEN> and ARRAY> appear at the left of the screen
     respectively.

     ______________________________________________________________________
     IMPORTANT Note:  CCFM.VENTS will not accept menu commands while in
                      screen or array input modes until you exit back to
                      command line mode.  This is why these input options
                      are called modes.
     ______________________________________________________________________





                                         23





     4.1  Entering Data with Screen Input Mode

     Screen input mode is used for commands with many arguments.   This
     allows for more convenient data entry.  To enter screen mode the user
     types a command followed by any indicator arguments that the command
     has.  CCFM.VENT then displays a screen consisting of three columns of
     text followed by the various options.  The first column indicates the
     field number.  The second column contains a description of the field
     and the third column consists of the current value of the field.  These
     descriptions are specified in the menu description file.  Next, the
     available options are displayed.  These options are listed in Table
     4.1.1.

     ______________________________________________________________________
     Table 4.1.1    Screen Input Options
     ______________________________________________________________________

     Screen Option                      Description

          Change a field Type the field number followed by its new value
          Display        Type a D followed by a <return>.  This option
                         refreshes the screen with the latest values entered
                         by the user.
          Help           Type an H followed by a <return>.  This option
                         prints a short description of the command for which
                         data is being entered.
          OK             Type an O followed by a <return>.  This option
                         exits screen mode and saves all the data that the
                         user entered.
          Cancel         Type a C followed by a <return>.  This option exits
                         screen mode but does not save any of the data that
                         the user entered.
          Revert         Type an R followed by a <return>.  This option re-
                         loads the original data that was present when the
                         user first entered screen mode

     ______________________________________________________________________


     To enter screen input mode for the ROOM command type ROOM followed by a
     room number.  For example, ROOM 1












                                         24





       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:ROOM
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS
        1   INSIDE ROOM NUMBER                                   1
        2   FLOOR HEIGHT ABOVE DATUM ELEVATION [M]               .0000E+00
        3   CEILING HEIGHT ABOVE FLOOR [M]                       .3000E+01
        4   FLOOR AREA [M**2]                                    .2000E+02

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  4 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>

     To obtain Help about a command while in screen mode type Help to
     obtain:


         ROOM    IROOM, FHEIGHT, HCEIL, AROOM

                 SET THE GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ROOM SPECIFIED BY THE
                 PARAMETER IROOM.

                 IROOM   INSIDE ROOM NUMBER
                 FHEIGHT HEIGHT OF FLOOR ABOVE A REFERENCE HEIGHT
                 HCEIL   HEIGHT OF CEILING ABOVE FLOOR
                 AROOM   AREA OF FLOOR

     This is the same information that is available in Section 5. of this
     report.  There are two ways of exiting screen mode, typing OK or 
     CANCEL.  Typing OK causes the data that was entered to be processed by
     CCFM.VENTS.  Typing cancel causes all data input to be discarded.  To
     go back to the original data type REVERT.  Again note that only the
     first character of the screen commands, DISPLAY, HELP, OK, CANCEL,
     REVERT are required.


     4.2  Entering Data with Command-Line Input Mode


     A command line is typed to enter data to CCFM.VENTS.  It consists of
     one of the commands listed Table 5.1. followed by a list of arguments. 
     A command may have none, one or several arguments.  There are five
     types of arguments.  These argument types are listed in Table 4.2.1.  A
     command argument may be an integer, a floating point number, a boolean
     flag (e.g. yes/no) , a file name or a general character string. 
     Typically, integers are used as indexes, e.g. room numbers, vent
     numbers etc.  Floating point arguments are used as model parameters. 
     Boolean flags are used to set options on or off, file names are used to
     specify location of printed output and character string arguments are
     used for output titles, etc.

                                         25







     ______________________________________________________________________
     Table 4.2.1    CCFM Parameter Types
     ______________________________________________________________________

     Parameter Type           Example of Usage

     integer             Indexes:  room or vent number
     floating point      Model Parameters:  room, vent area ; fire size
     flag                An Option that is on or off:  computing
                         eigenvalues, running in batch mode
     file name           Name of a file used for input, output, plotting
     character string    Miscellaneous: used for titles, labels

     ______________________________________________________________________


     Two arguments in a command line must be separated by  either one or
     more spaces or comma. If two successive commas occur on a command line
     then the corresponding parameter is assumed to have  been omitted. 
     This is useful when a change in one parameter on a command line with
     many parameters is desired.  Consider the following command line:

           com1 , arg1 , , arg3,   ,      arg5   arg6

     The command is com1.  This command has six arguments.  The second and
     fourth arguments however are not specified as indicated by  the
     successive commas.  The command line:

          room      2 .5   3.0   40.

     initializes room 2 to have a floor height of .5 [m], a ceiling height
     of 3.0 [m] and a floor area of 40. [m**2] .

     4.3  Entering Data with Array Input Mode


     A third type of input mode is used to enter array data.   Array input
     mode is similar to screen input mode.  Two commands, FIRE and FVENT use
     array input mode.  These two commands are used to specify time
     dependent energy release rates for fires and pressure dependent volume
     flow rates for fans respectively.  To enter fire size array data simply
     type a v for vector in the fire size field of the FIRE command.  To
     enter a pressure dependent fan curve type a v in the fan curve field of
     the FVENT command. CCFM.VENT then displays a screen consisting of three
     columns of text followed by your options.  For example, to enter a time
     dependent fire type FIRE 1 to obtain:

       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:FIRE
      FIELD                   DESCRIPTION                            
     CONTENTS

                                         26





        1   FIRE NUMBER                                          1
        2   ROOM NUMBER                                          1
        3   HEIGHT OF FIRE ABOVE FLOOR [M]                   .000000000E+00
        4   FIRE SIZE [W] ENTER "V" TO SPECIFY MULTIPLE VALUES   .250000E+06

      SCREEN OPTIONS:
        1 -->  4 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA
      SCREEN>

     To enter array input mode type:

     4 vector ok

     The following screen then appears.

       ARRAY INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:FIRE
          FIELD                                  TIME             FIRE SIZE
            1                      .000000000E+00        .250000000E+06
            2

      VECTOR OPTIONS:
        1 -->  2 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA       (S)ORT DATA
       (E)LIMINATE DATA BETWEEN BOUNDS
      VECTOR>

     The options D, H, O, C, R are identical to the options used in screen
     input mode.  Array input mode has two new options: E and S.  These two
     options eliminate data points and sort data pairs by the first
     coordinate.  To add additional points type a field number followed by a
     time and fire size.  For example to specify a fire of 1000000 [w] at
     100 seconds enter:

     2 100 1000000 display

     This will cause the screen to display:

       ARRAY INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:FIRE
          FIELD                                  TIME             FIRE SIZE
            1                      .000000000E+00        .250000000E+06
            2                      .100000000E+03        .100000000E+07
            3

      VECTOR OPTIONS:
        1 -->  3 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA

                                         27





       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA       (S)ORT DATA
       (E)LIMINATE DATA BETWEEN BOUNDS
      VECTOR>

      Several data pairs can be entered at a time as in:

     3 50. 500000.  4 75.  750000. display

       ARRAY INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:FIRE
          FIELD                                  TIME             FIRE SIZE
            1                      .000000000E+00        .250000000E+06
            2                      .100000000E+03        .100000000E+07
            3                      .500000000E+02        .500000000E+06
            4                      .750000000E+02        .750000000E+06
            5

      VECTOR OPTIONS:
        1 -->  5 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA       (S)ORT DATA
       (E)LIMINATE DATA BETWEEN BOUNDS
      VECTOR>

     Notice that the times listed in the first column are not in order.  To
     sort and re-display the screen type: Sort Display to obtain:

       ARRAY INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:FIRE
          FIELD                                  TIME             FIRE SIZE
            1                      .000000000E+00        .250000000E+06
            2                      .500000000E+02        .500000000E+06
            3                      .750000000E+02        .750000000E+06
            4                      .100000000E+03        .100000000E+07
            5

      VECTOR OPTIONS:
        1 -->  5 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA       (S)ORT DATA
       (E)LIMINATE DATA BETWEEN BOUNDS
      VECTOR>

     Finally to eliminate data type E followed by a lower and upper bound. 
     To eliminate all values between 40 and 80 seconds type: E 40. 80. D to
     obtain:

       SCREEN INPUT MODE FOR COMMAND:FIRE
          FIELD                                  TIME             FIRE SIZE
            1                      .000000000E+00        .250000000E+06
            4                      .100000000E+03        .100000000E+07
            5

                                         28






      VECTOR OPTIONS:
        1 -->  5 ALTER CORRESPONDING FIELD
       (D)ISPLAY SCREEN                (H)ELP
       (O)K - EXIT WITH ENTERED DATA   (C)ANCEL - EXIT WITH ORIGINAL DATA
       (R)EVERT TO ORIGINAL DATA       (S)ORT DATA
       (E)LIMINATE DATA BETWEEN BOUNDS
      VECTOR>



     Array input mode options are listed and defined in Table 3.2.1.

     ______________________________________________________________________
     Table 4.3.1    Array Input Options
     ______________________________________________________________________

     Array Option                       Description

          Change a field Type the field number followed by its new value
          Display        Type a D followed by a <return>.  This option
                         refreshes the screen with the latest values the
                         user entered.
          Help           Type an H followed by a <return>.  This option
                         prints a short description of the command the user
                         is entering data for.
          OK             Type an O followed by a <return>.  This option
                         exits screen mode and saves all the data that the
                         user entered.
          Cancel         Type a C followed by a <return>.  This option exits
                         screen mode but does not save any of the data that
                         the user entered.
          Revert         Type an R followed by a <return>.  This option re-
                         loads the original data that was present when the
                         user first entered screen mode
          Sort Data      Type an S followed by a <return>.  This option
                         sorts the data in column 1 (time in the following
                         example) in increasing order and makes the
                         corresponding changes in column 2 (fire size)
          Eliminate Data Type a E followed by a lower bound, upper bound 
                         and a <return>.  This option allows the user to
                         delete data  by specifying a range of values.
     ______________________________________________________________________










                                         29





     5.  Descriptions of CCFM.VENT Commands


     The following is a listing of descriptions of all CCFM.VENTS commands. 
     Each entry includes a summary of the command's purpose and a
     description of the number and type of arguments required.  Table 5.1
     gives a list of all the CCFM.VENTS commands with abbreviations for
     their input arguments.

     ______________________________________________________________________
     Table 5.1      List of CCFM.VENT Commands
     ______________________________________________________________________


     AMB  oroom , fheight, poffset, dens, ocon, pcon1, ..., pconNPROD-1
     AUTO dens, ocon, pcon1, ..., pconNPROD-1
     BEGIN
     CONS lamr, lamt, lamw, cp, pdatm, ddatm
     CONV absrel, tol1, tol2, tol3, tol4, tol5
     DUMP dfile, dmptim
     FACTOR         fnum, factor1, factor2, ... , factorNPROD
     FILES scrfil, outfil, pltfil, dmpfil
     FIRE fnum, fheight, fsize
     FVENT vnum, frmrm, frmhght, torm, tohght, resis, fcrv, frmwdth, towdth
     HELP command
     INIT iroom, poffset, hlay, denl, denu
     INITP iroom, prdnum, pconl, pconu
     LOAD lfil, ltime
     NUM  nirm, norm, nvnts, nprod, nfire
     NUMINF
     OPTIONS        traceflg, menuflg, ttyflg, iolevl, batchflg
     PARMS iflogo, discflg, eigflg
     PATH path
     REPORT         genflg, prdflg, flwflg, numflg, debflg, pltflg
     ROOM iroom, fheight, hceil, aroom
     STOP
     TIME  tstart, tstop, dprint, ddump, prntflg
     TITLE ttype, title
     VALUES
     VENT vnum, frmrm, torm, varea, vbot, vtop
     ______________________________________________________________________


     The commands listed in Table 5.1 are defined in the following pages.

     AMB  oroom, fheight, poffset, dens, ocon=pcon1, pcon**2, ..., pconNPROD

          This command specifies the ambient conditions for an "outside"
          room.  (Up to 4 outside rooms are allowed in this version of
          CCFM.VENTS.  The concentrations of up to 3 products of combustion,
          can be simulated in the inside rooms of a modeled facility in this
          version of CCFM.VENTS.  This includes oxygen, which is taken to be

                                         30





          product 1.  The concentrations of each of these products must be
          specified in each outside room.

          oroom          Outside room number; 1 to 4.
          fheight        Reference elevation relative to the datum
          elevation. [m]
          poffset        Reference pressure relative to the datum pressure
                         at the reference elevation. [p] = [N/m**2] =
                         [kg/(m s)**2]
          dens           Density of the environment in the outside room.
                         [kg/m**3]
          ocon=prod1     (Required if the number of products simulated,
                         NPROD, satisfies: 1   NPROD   4.)  Concentration of
                         oxygen of the environment in the outside room. [(kg
                         of O**2)/(kg of environment)]
          pconk          (Required if the number of products simulated,
                         NPROD, satisfies: 2   NPROD   3.)  Concentration of
                         all products-of-combustion k > 1 in the outside
                         room.  [(unit of product k)/(kg of environment)]

     AUTO  dens, ocon=pcon1, pcon**2, ..., pconNPROD

          Assume an initial condition of zero upper-layer thickness in all
          inside rooms of a modeled facility.  Assume further uniform
          initial density and uniform concentrations of all simulated
          products of combustion inside and outside the facility.  Then,
          satisfying a criterion of zero flow through all natural vents in
          the absence of a fire or in the absence of any operating forced
          ventilation systems, this command initializes automatically the
          CCFM.VENTS inside-room solution variables: pressure at the floor
          above a datum pressure; elevation of the interface which separates
          the layers; mass in the lower layers; and the amount in the lower
          layers of each simulated product k.  Prior to using AUTO, the user
          must first define the geometry of the facility by specifying for
          each inside room (using ROOM): the elevation of the floor relative
          to a datum elevation, the elevation of the ceiling above the
          floor, and floor area; and for each outside room a(n identical)
          reference elevation above the datum elevation and the pressure
          there relative to the datum pressure.

          dens           Initial density in all inside-room lower layers and
                         throughout the outside environment.  [kg/m**3]
          ocon=pcon1     (Required if the number of products simulated,
                         NPROD, satisfies: 1   NPROD   3.)  Concentration of
                         oxygen in all inside-room lower layers and
                         throughout the outside environment. [(kg of
                         O**2)/(kg of layer)] or [(kg of O**2)/(kg of
                         environment)]
          pconk          (Required if the number of products simulated,
                         NPROD, satisfies: 2   NPROD   3.)  Concentration of
                         all products-of-combustion k > 1 in the inside-room
                         lower layers and throughout the outside

                                         31





                         environment.  [(unit of product k)/(kg of layer)]
                         or [(unit of product k)/(kg of environment)]

     BEGIN

          Begin simulating the specified fire scenario.

     CONS  lamr, lamt, lamw, cp, pdatm, ddatm

          This command is used to specify various constants used by
          CCFM.VENTS.

          lamr      Fraction of the total energy release rate of the fire
                    radiated by the combustion zone and plume (default
                    0.35).
          lamt      Fraction of the total energy release rate of the fire
                    lost to the bounding surfaces of the room of fire origin
                    by all modes of heat transfer (default 0.8).
          lamw      Define the "enthalpy of buoyancy" of a uniform
                    temperature vent flow as the enthalpy of the flow
                    computed relative to the temperature in the receiving
                    room local to flow penetration.  Then lamw is the
                    fraction of the enthalpy of buoyancy lost to the
                    bounding surfaces of the receiving room (default 0.6).
          cp        Specific heat of air at constant pressure (default
                    1000.).  [W s/(kg K)]
          pdatm     datum pressure, the absolute hydrostatic pressure at the
                    datum elevation (default 101325.).  [p] = [N/m**2] =
                    [kg/(m s)**2]
          ddatm     datum density (default 1.2).  [kg/m**3]


     CONV absrel, tol1, tol2, tol3, tol4, tol5

          The command CONV sets the error criteria that the solvers will use
          to generate solutions.  In general the smaller the tolerances the
          more accurate the solutions but at a cost of longer execution time
          (usually). Actually the relationship between tolerance size and
          computational effort is not simple.  It is possible to tighten the
          tolerance for pressure and reduce cpu time required to solve a
          problem!  Oxygen and product of combustion error tolerances are
          only required if these quantities are being solved for.

          absrel    The parameter absrel may be either the string 'ABS' or
                    'REL' which stands for absolute and relative error
                    respectively.
          tol1      error criteria pressure equation
          tol2      error criteria for layer height equation
          tol3      error criteria for mass equations (both layers)
          tol4      error criteria for oxygen equation (both layers)
          tol5      error criteria for all other products (both layers


                                         32







     DUMP dfile, dmptim

          This command creates a file of CCFM.VENT commands.   The parameter
          dfile represents the name of the file where CCFM.VENT commands are
          to be stored.  While the model is running, results will be dumped
          to the file DFile every dmptim seconds.  The DUMP command can be
          used to save simulation results for later use.  The dump file may
          then be read in with the  LOAD command.  The simulation will then
          proceed using the conditions stored in the dump file.  For
          example, if a dump file contains a calculation to 300 seconds with
          a dump time interval of 10 seconds then the calculation could be
          restarted at 300 seconds (or any of 10, 20, ... 290 seconds)  and
          continued to 500 seconds with a dump interval of 5 seconds. 
          CCFM.VENT commands may also be created using a text editor or word
          processor.  Any CCFM.VENT command may occur in a dump file except
          for a LOAD command.

          dfile     Name of file where CCFM.VENT commands are to be stored.
          dmptim    Time interval in seconds between successive dumps.


     FACTOR         fnum, factor1, factor**2, ..., factorNPROD

          This command specifies the proportionality constants used to
          determine the rate at which the fire releases the NPROD   5
          products of combustion whose concentrations are being simulated. 
          It is assumed that the rate of release of arbitrary product k, ,
          can be estimated according to

                         Prod(k,source) = factor(k)*Q(fnum)

          where Q(fnum) is the energy release rate of the fnum'th fire. 
          Here, product of combustion 1 always refers to oxygen.

          fnum      The fire number; from 1 to 20.
          factor1   (Required if NPROD   1.)  Proportionality constant for
                    oxygen (default -7.6E-8).  [(kg of O**2)/(W s)]
          factork   (Required if NPROD   2.)  Proportionality constants for
                    all  products k > 1.  [(unit of product k)/(W s)]

     FILES scrfil, outfil, pltfil, dmpfil

          scrfil    Scratch output file.  This file need only be examined if
                    the simulation run ended abnormally.  Since the normal
                    output file, scrfil, would not be built.  The output in
                    this file is scrambled because in general many types of
                    reports (specified by the REPORT command) are generated. 
                    This file is unscrambled and copied to the file
                    specified by the parameter outfil.
          outfil    Output file containing results of the simulation..

                                         33





          pltfil    File containing the simulation results.  This file is
                    used by other programs to produce graphs of simulation
                    results.
          dmpfil    File containing dump of simulation results.  Note: this
                    file name can also be specified with the DUMP command.



     FIRE fnum, froom, fheight, fsize

          This command specifies the characteristics of a prescribed fire.

          fnum      The fire number; from 1 to 20.
          froom     The room containing the fire; from 1 to 9
          fheight   Height of the fire above the floor.  [m]
          fsize     Data defining the fire's energy release rate.  If the
                    string 'vector' is specified, then the user will be
                    asked to enter pairs of values (fire energy release
                    rate, time) [W, s] which lie on the specified fire
                    growth curve.  (In a simulation, the fire growth is
                    approximated by linear interpolation between these
                    points, and by extension in time beyond the points at
                    the "last" specified energy release rate.  Otherwise,
                    this field is used to specify the energy release rate of
                    an assumed constant strength fire.

     FVENT vnum, frmrm, frmbot, frmtop, frmresis, torm, tobot, totop,
           toresis, fcrve

          This command specifies the characteristics of a fan/duct forced
          ventilation system between two rooms.  The forward flow direction
          is defined as the direction of the flow under normal fan operating
          conditions, from the "from" room to the "to" room.  Reverse flow
          is flow in the opposite direction.

          vnum      Number designation of the vent from 1 to 20.
          frmrm     Room "from" which the vent flow is extracted under
                    normal fan operating conditions.
          frmbot    Height above the floor of the bottom of the fan/duct
                    endpoint in the "from" room.  [m]
          frmtop    Height above the floor of the top of the fan/duct
                    endpoint in the "from" room.  [m]
          frmresis  Flow resistances, R1, of the fan system for forward flow
                    as defined in Eq. (3.4.2) of Part I and in algorithms
                    VENTF and FANRES of Part III.
          torm      Room "to" which the vent flow is deposited under normal
                    fan operating conditions.
          tobot     Height above the floor of the bottom of the fan/duct
                    endpoint in the "to" room.  [m]
          totop     Height above the floor of the top of the fan/duct
                    endpoint in the "to" room.  [m]


                                         34





          toresis   Flow resistances, R**2, of the fan system for reverse
                    flow as defined in Eq. (3.4.2) of Part I and in
                    algorithms VENTF and FANRES of Part III.
          fcrve     Data defining the fan curve.  If the string 'v' for
                    vector is specified, then the user will be asked to
                    enter pairs of values (fan volume flow rate, cross-fan
                    pressure) [m**3/s, p] which lie on the fan curve.  (In a
                    simulation, the fan curve is approximated by linear
                    interpolation between, and linear extrapolation beyond
                    these points.  The fan curve must satisfy the
                    characteristic that cross-fan pressure is always
                    monotonically decreasing with increasing fan volume flow
                    rate.)  Otherwise, this field is used to specify an
                    assumed-constant fan/duct volume flow rate [m**3/s] (in
                    which case, an entry in the resis field is not required
                    or used).

     HELP command

          This command enables the user to obtain more information about a
          command while using CCFM.VENT.  By typing HELP followed by a
          CCFM.VENT command, a short explanation of how to use the command
          and its purpose will be given.

     INIT  iroom, poffset, hlay, denl, denu

          This command initializes values of CCFM.VENTS solution variables
          in inside room identified by the number iroom.  Note: to
          initialize these variables for all rooms see AUTO command.

          iroom     Number designation of the inside room from 1 to 9.
          poffset   Pressure at the floor above the datum pressure.  [p] =
                    [N/m**2] = [kg/(m s)**2]
          hlay      Elevation above the floor of the interface which
                    separates the layers.  [m]
          denl      Density of the lower layer.  [kg/m**3]
          denu      Density of the upper layer.  [kg/m**3]


     INITP iroom, prdnum, pconl, pconu

          This command initializes the amount of a product of combustion,
          identified by the number prdnum, in the layers of the inside room
          identified by the number iroom.  Note: to initialize the amount of
          product for all rooms see AUTO command.

          iroom     Number designation of the inside room from 1 to 9.
          prdnum    Number designation of the combustion product from 1 to 3
                    of the product being initialized.
          pconl     Amount of product in the lower layer.  [unit appropriate
                    to the product, e.g., kg of O**2 for oxygen]  Note: the


                                         35





                    concentration of the product in the lower layer will be
                    units of [(unit of product)/(kg of lower layer)].
          pconu     Amount of product in the upper layer.  [unit appropriate
                    to the product]



     LOAD lfil, ltime

          This command executes CCFM.VENT commands found in the file
          specified by lfil.   The parameter, ltime, is used to restart a
          simulation run from a given point in time.  So that one does not
          have to re-run simulations when investigating behavior near the
          end of the simulation.

          lfil      Name of file containing CCFM.VENT commands.
          ltime     Load CCFM.VENT commands from the file LoadFil at or just
                    before the time specified by time.

     NUM   nirm, norm, nvnts, nprod, nfire

          CCFM.VENT's automatically determines the number of inside/outside
          rooms, vents, fires and products that were defined in the input
          data.  The command, NUM, then allows the user to over-ride what
          CCFM.VENT' determined for these values.  To find out what these
          values are use the NUMINF command.  So one could LOAD a data file
          that had two products defined and then run a scenario and turn off
          products by setting the number of products to zero with NUM. 
          Important note:  a value of -1 (any negative number in fact)
          causes CCFM.VENT to use its default value for the corresponding
          quantity.

          nirm      Number of inside rooms, may range from 1 to 9
          norm      Number of outside rooms, may range from 0 to 4.
          nvnts     Number of  vents, may range from 0 to 20.   The program
                    will identify rooms that are isolated, i.e. rooms that
                    do not communicate with any other rooms as a possible
                    error.  This will occur if the number of vents is set to
                    zero.
          nprod     Number of products, may range from 0 to 3.
          nfire     Number of fires, may range from 0 to 20.


     NUMINF

          Display the number of inside/outside rooms, vents, products and
          fires that have been entered so far.



     OPTIONS        traceflg, prntflg, ttyflg, iolevl, batchflg


                                         36





          The command OPTIONS is to set options/flags available to
          CCFM.VENT.

          traceflg  TRACE is an internal debug option used to determine the
                    execution flow path by printing a message upon entering
                    and leaving  routines in CCFM.VENT.  Note: the trace
                    option is no longer implemented.
          menuflg   Set whether the CCFM.VENT menu is to be printed out
                    after each command line is entered.
          ttyflg    Set whether information should be displayed to the
                    terminal screen.
          iolevl    Determines what  level of message will be printed out. 
                    (default 0) There are four levels or types  of messages
                    that are printed out by CCFM.VENT.  These levels are:

           informative   A level 0 message, just communicates information to 
                         the user by displaying model results, for example. 
                         There is no connotation of an error or problem with
                         this type of message.
           warning  A level 1 message, indicates a possible problem that may
                    or may not require corrective action.  Example -
                    errorA level 2 message, indicates a situation requiring
                    some action to remedy.  Further results are suspect
                    unless the problem is corrected.  Example - an input
                    command is entered incorrectly,
           fatal error   A level 3 message indicates a problem has been
                         encountered where no conceivable action can be
                         taken to remedy the situation.  Example - division
                         by 0.

           With the LEVEL command, one can set the minimum level of a
           message that is printed.  So for example, the command, LEVEL 2,
           will cause only error and fatal error messages to be printed.

          batchflg  The batch option signals CCFM whether it is running
                    interactively (at a terminal) or in batch mode.  The
                    only difference in the program is how CCFM treats an end
                    of file.


     PARMS iflogo, discflg, eigflg

          The command PARMS sets options/flags available to CCFM.VENT.

          iflogo    Set which flow deposition algorithm should be used.  The
                    only valid entry for this parameter is 2.
          discflg   Specify whether a heuristic is to be used to handle non-
                    analytic (discontinuity type ) behavior that may be
                    present in the physical equations.  If the heuristic is
                    not used then the solver will have to proceed through
                    the discontinuity on its own.  Yes will turn on the
                    heuristic, no will turn it off (default no)

                                         37





          eigflg    Calculate the eigenvalues of the Jacobean of the right
                    hand side of the ODE being solved.  This command is used
                    solely to investigate the numerical properties of a fire
                    scenario being modeled.  Yes will turn the option on, no
                    will turn it off.  (default no)

     PATH path

          The command PATH is useful on any computer that has some type of
          hierarchial file system, i.e. a file system that supports
          directories (MS-DOS compatible PC's) or folders (the Macintosh). 
          The string path is used to prefix the files: scrfil, outfil,
          pltfil and dmpfil which are specified with the FILES command.  So
          the user can keep the program, CCFM, in one folder or directory
          and keep data files in another without specifying long file names.

     REPORT         genflg, prdflg, flwflg, numflg, debflg, pltflg

          The REPORT command determines which reports are to be produced by
          CCFM.VENT.


     genflgGeneral report; prints out layer height, upper/lower layer
     density, and upper/lower layer oxygen concentration if calculated for
     each room.

          prdflg    Product report;  prints out product concentration for
                    each product for each room.  This report is necessary
                    when one models more than one product since there is
                    only room for Oxygen concentrations on the general
                    report.

          flwflg    Flow report; prints out  various types of flow due to
                    various types of phenomena for  each room.  Flow types
                    consist of mass, enthalpy, and combustion products such
                    as oxygen.  Phenomena types presently consist of plumes,
                    forced and un-forced vents.  In addition flow totals for
                    each room are printed.

          numflg    Numerics report;  Prints out information describing the
                    work required to solve the scenario.  Some examples of
                    the types of information printed are, time in seconds
                    from last step to generate results, number of iterations
                    required, solution  variable that caused the solver the
                    most work.

          usrflg    User report;  Prints out information generated by the
                    subroutine OUTUSR.

          pltflg    Plot report;  Prints out information that will be read
                    in by the plotting program CFMPLOT.


                                         38





     RERUN dfile, ovrflg

          This command reads in the dump file, dfile, created in a previous
          run of CCFM.  It then generates the same simulation results as the
          command, BEGIN.  That is, both commands store printed results in
          the files: outfil and pltfil which are defined by the FILES
          command.  With the BEGIN command the solution vector of pressures,
          layer heights, etc. are generated by solving a set of ordinary
          differential equation.  This is computationaly expensive. 
          However, with the RERUN command each solution vector is simply
          read in from the dump file, dfile.  The size of a dump file in
          lines can be estimated from the following formula.

           lsize = 100 +ndes*numstps
           ndes = nirm*(4+2*nprod)

           lsize    estimated number of lines of text in the dump file
           100      approximate number lines of time independent data in the
                    dump file
           ndes     number of ode's being solved
           nirm     number of inside rooms
           nprod    number of products of combustion being modeled
           numstp   number of time steps that appear in dump file

          dfile     dump file from which simulation results are to be re-
                    generated
          ovrflg    if ovrflg is set to yes then any files command in the
                    dump file, dfile will be ignored.

     ROOM  iroom, fheight, hceil, aroom

          This command sets the geometric properties of the room identified
          by the number iroom.

          iroom     Number designation from 1 to 9 of the inside room being
                    initialized.
          fheight   Height of the floor above the reference elevation.  [m]
          hceil     Height of the ceiling above the floor.  [m]
          aroom     Floor area.  [m**2]

     STOP

          Exit the program CCFM.VENT without running a simulation.


     TIME  tstart, tstop, dprint, ddump, prntflg

          tstart    beginning of the simulation (default 0 seconds)
          tstop     end of the simulation (default 20 seconds)
          dprint    time in seconds between printed output
          ddump     time in seconds between dumped output


                                         39





          prntflg   Yes will produce simulation output at all internal time
                    steps calculated by numerical solver.  This option is
                    useful when debugging. 'No' will only produce output at
                    the printing interval specified by the parameter dprint. 
                    'No' is the default.

     TITLE ttype, title

          Set titles for dump, output and plot files.  This command would be
          used to annotate various output files produced by CCFM.VENT

          ttype     Type of title, presently the choices are DMP, OUT or PLT
          title     The title, may be as long as will fit on one line up to
                    80 characters


     VALUES

          Display values entered by user defining the fire scenario being
          modeled.


     VENT vnum, frmrm, torm, varea, vbot, vtop

          This command specifies the characteristics of a rectangular
          vertical vent in a wall segment common to two adjacent rooms.  At
          least one of the rooms should be an inside room, while the second
          can be an inside or outside room.  One of the inside rooms is
          designated arbitrarily as the "from" room.  The other room is
          designated as the "to" room.

          vnum      Number designation from 1 to 20 of the vent being
                    initialized.
          frmrm     Number designation from 1 to 9 of the "from" room.  This
                    must be an inside room.
          torm      Number designation of the "to" room.  If this is an
                    inside room, then this number must be from 1 to 9.  If
                    this is an outside room, then this number must be from -
                    1 to -4.
          varea     Area of the vent.  [m**2]
          vbot      Elevation of the bottom of the vent above the floor of
                    the "from" room.  [m]
          vtop      Elevation of the top of the vent above the floor of the
                    "from" room.  [m]









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     6.   CCFMPLT - A Program to Plot CCFM.VENTS Output Data


     At each time-step CCFM.VENTS outputs simulation results to a plot data
     file.  This file contains 8 columns of data and NIRM rows for each time
     step where NIRM is number of inside rooms. The first column of data is
     relative pressures, the second is layer heights, the third and fourth
     are lower/upper layer temperatures respectively.  If oxygen
     concentrations were computed then the 5'th and 6'th columns contain
     lower/upper layer oxygen concentrations.  If they were not computed
     then the 5'th and 6'th columns contain mass flow rates into the lower
     and upper layers.  Similarly if a second product of combustion is
     computed then the 7'th and 8'th columns contain the lower/upper layer
     product concentrations other wise these columns contain enthalpy flow
     rates in to the lower/upper layers.

     A FORTRAN program, named CCFMPLT, was written to graph the data
     contained in this file.  It uses a FORTRAN callable graphics package
     called Volksgrapher [1].  The program runs on an IBM-PC or compatible
     that has a VGA monitor and a numerical co-processor.

     The program asks for the name of a CCFM.VENTS plot file, titles of
     plots, type of output format and a file name prefix where output
     graphics will be stored.

     To generate plots for the two room tutorial entered in section 3.2 the
     following.  Note that text typed by the user appears like this while
     text displayed by the computer looks like this.

     CCFMPLT
     Enter name of file containing plot data: PLOTF
     Enter title of plots:  Two-Room Tutorial Plots
     Preview plots on screen ? Y=YES: Y
     Enter Output device format:
     1 - Tektronix
     2 - HPGL-Plotter
     3 - PostScript
     4 - QMS-Lasergrafix
     : 3
     Enter the file name where Plots will be stored
     It can be up to 6 characters: TUTOR

     The program now prints a message stating that it is reading the data
     file.  It then plots the first plot of relative pressures for each room
     vs. time.  A legend appears in the middle of the plot showing which
     curve corresponds to which rooms.  To move this legend type: L    . 
     This places the program in to legend mode.  To move the legend around
     the plot use the cursor keys (keys with arrow on them).  When the
     legend placement is satisfactory type: D followed by X.  The D causes
     the legend to be re-drawn while the X causes the screen to be
     refreshed.  To create a high-quality graphics file type P.  The program
     asks for the name of the file where the graphics output is to be

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     stored.  To continue to next graph type: C. A plot of relative pressure
     vs. time is given in Figure 6.1 and a plot of layer height vs. time is
     given in Figure 6.2.  Both plots are taken from data generated from the
     two-room tutorial case presented in section 2.

     (Figure not included)

     Figure 6.1  Plot of Relative Pressure vs. Time for the Two-Room
     Tutorial

     (Figure not included)

     Figure 6.2  Plot of Layer Height vs. Time for the Two-Room Tutorial








































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                                   REFERENCES

     [1]  Kahaner, D.K. and Anderson, W.E., Volksgrapher: A FORTRAN Plotting
          Package User Guide, Version 3.0, NISTIR 90-4238, National
          Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 1990.

     [2]  Cooper, L.Y. and Forney, G.P., The Consolidated Compartment Fire
          Model (CCFM) Computer Code Application CCFM.VENTS - Part I: 
          Physical Basis, NISTIR 90-4342, National Institute of Standards
          and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 1990.

     [3]. Forney, G.P. and Cooper, L.Y., The Consolidated Compartment Fire
          Model (CCFM) Computer Code Application CCFM.VENTS - Part II: 
          Software Reference Guide, NISTIR 90-4343, National Institute of
          Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 1990.

     [4]  Forney, G.P. and Cooper, L.Y., Eds., The Consolidated Compartment
          Fire Model (CCFM) Computer Code Application CCFM.VENTS - Part III: 
          Catalog of Algorithms and Subroutines, NISTIR 90-4344, National
          Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 1990.

































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