Cross Industry Issues in Nanomanufacturing Workshop

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Gaithersburg, MD USA 20899

May 20–22, 2008

Sponsored by NIST, the American Forest and Paper Association (AF&PA), the University of Maryland Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Imerys, US Forest Service, and endorsed by the Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology Subcommittee of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in collaboration with the Nanomanufacturing Industry Liason and Innovation Working Group.

Workshop Objective: To identify common problems and common solutions specific to nanotechnology, manufacturing processes, and performance of nanomaterials in commercial products within widely different industries, including aerospace, automotive, chemical, food, forest products, medical technology, pharmaceutical, and semiconductor. The technical focus will be on the three highest cross-industry priorities identified in previous workshops and meetings as they apply to the design, synthesis, and production of nanotechnology-enabled products:

Characterizing nanomaterials and enhancing their separation and fractionation to address challenges in commercial production of uniform, high quality, stable, and consistent (reproducible) nanomaterials in high volume
Understanding and controlling the surface-dependent properties of nanomaterials such as dispersion, aggregation, and adhesion at their interface with a matrix, with an emphasis on non-covalent bonding interactions
Understanding and controlling multiple properties of nanocomposites

Within each of these topics, common issues include, although are not limited to, measurement, characterization, modeling, performance properties, and environment health and safety concerns.

Workshop Outcomes: Through presentations and breakout sessions, the workshop participants will (1) identify discrete and universal technical challenges to meet industrial needs and priorities, and (2) establish the agenda and framework to address these challenges by:

· Enabling cross-fertilization and identification of best practices using currently available science and technology to deliver short-term impact

· Defining collaborative research programs that cross industrial sectors, government agencies, and academic disciplines to address the more difficult challenges and long-term needs.

· Identifing those that are appropriate for federal and/or industrial funding, and lay the groundwork for formation of consortia and multi-organizational R&D projects.

This workshop builds upon issues identified in recent meetings and workshops: Joint Chemical & Semiconductor Industry Research Needs for Modeling of Nanomaterials (NIST, May 2006), and the Interagency Working Group Workshop on Nanomanufacturing (NIST, October 2006). This workshop is also coordinated with ongoing activities in “Predictive Modeling of Nanomaterial Properties” addressed in the recent National Science Foundation sponsored workshop (NSF, October 2007).

Workshop Chair: Anne Chaka (NIST) anne.chaka@nist.gov

Workshop Co-Chairs:

Mike Postek (NIST) michael.postek@nist.gov

Dianne Poster (NIST) dianne.poster@nist.gov

Gerard Closset (AF&PA) clossgpc@earthlink.net

John Cowie (AF&PA) John_Cowie@afandpa.org

Organizing Committee: George Andrews (General Motors), Ron Brown (Agenda 2020, AF & PA), Dan Coughlin (Sappi Fine Paper), Betsy Davies (Agenda 2020, AF & PA), Shaochen Chen (NSF), John Festa (AF & PA), Gary Fletcher (Becton, Dickinson, and Company), Michael Gaitan (NIST), Mike Garner (Intel), Bob Gehlman (Hercules Inc.), Ehr Ping Huangfu (DOE), Phil Jones (Imerys), Steve Massia (Sappi Fine Paper), World Nieh (USDA), Nora Savage (EPA), Ted Wegner (USDA)

On-line Registration: Please visit NIST Conference Facilities to register.

There is a nominal registration fee which includes meals (see below). This is listed on the registration site. There may be limited funds for international or academic attendees. Please contact the Workshop Organizers PRIOR TO THE WORKSHOP to discuss such arrangements (and to provide the necessary documentation that must be supplied before the workshop).

Pre-registration is required. There will be no walk-in registration.

Venue

The workshop will take place at the NIST Gaithersburg, Maryland campus, Main Administration Building. Meeting rooms will be posted in the Lobby and listed here once finalized. Workshop attendees must be pre-registered.

Meals

A continental breakfast, refreshments during mid-session breaks, lunch and dinners (May 20 and 22) will be provided to workshop participants. Dinners will take place at the Holiday Inn Gaithersburg on May 20 and at Smokey Glen Farm on May 21.

An optional boxed lunch may be purchased on May 22 at the conclusion of the meeting, which may include tours of some of the NIST facilities. Please email Dianne Poster if you would like to purchase a boxed lunch and/or participate in tours on May 22 from 12:00 – 13:30.

Accommodations

A block of rooms have been reserved for the nights of May 19 – 21, 2008 at the Holiday Inn Gaithersburg. The rooms are available on a first-come-first-serve basis. To make your reservation, please contact the hotel directly at (301) 948-8900, and mention that you are attending the "Cross Industry Issues on Nanomanufacturing Workshop".

Transportation

Workshop participants will be responsible for arranging their own travel to and from their hotel. Transportation to and from the Holiday Inn Gaithersburg to NIST for the workshop will be provided May 20 – 22, and to the dinner at Smokey Glen Farm. If you are driving to NIST, you will need to go to the Visitor Center to obtain your campus pass for the workshop. A government issued photo ID is required. Information for visitors to NIST is available at: http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/visitor/visitor.htm

Local Driving Directions to NIST:

NIST is located just off Interstate 270, about 25 miles (40 kilometers) from the center of Washington, D.C. If you wish to use an Internet map service to locate the NIST campus, the street address of NIST is:

Bureau Dr and Clopper Rd

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

From northbound I-270 take Exit 10, Route 117 West, Clopper Road. Merge onto Clopper Road at the end of the off-ramp and pass under I-270. At first stop light, (Bureau Dr.) turn left into the main NIST entrance.

From southbound I-270 take Exit 11, MD Route 124, Montgomery Village Avenue/Quince Orchard Road. Bear right at the traffic light at the end of the off-ramp onto MD Route 124 West, Quince Orchard Road. At the second light on Quince Orchard Road, turn left onto MD Route 117, West Diamond Avenue. At first stop light, (Bureau Dr.) turn right into the main NIST entrance.

Driving Directions from Washington Dulles Int’l Airport (IAD):

When leaving the airport, follow the Dulles Access Road to the Bethesda/Baltimore entrance ramp to I-495 . Take I-495 (left lane exit) to I-270 North (towards Maryland). Take I-270 North (local lanes) toward Montrose Road. Take Exit #10 off I-270 toward Clopper Road (MD 117) and Quince Orchard Rd (MD 124). Note that these exits are right exits, and exit from the collector/distributor lanes off the Interstate. Be aware of the signs directing you to enter the collector/distributor lanes several hundred yards prior to the exit itself. Merge onto Clopper Road at the end of the off-ramp and pass under I-270. At first stop light, (Bureau Dr.) turn left into the main NIST entrance.

Driving Directions from Baltimore-Washington Int’l Airport (BWI):

When leaving the airport, take I-195 West. On I-195W take the I-95 South Exit #4B toward Washington DC. Take the I-495 West Exit #27-25 toward College Park/Silver Spring, MD. Take the I-270 North Exit #35 toward Frederick, MD. Take I-270 North (local lanes) toward Montrose Road. Take Exit #10 off I-270 toward Clopper Road (MD 117) and Quince Orchard Rd (MD 124). Note that these exits are right exits, and exit from the collector/distributor lanes off the Interstate. Be aware of the signs directing you to enter the collector/distributor lanes several hundred yards prior to the exit itself. Merge onto Clopper Road at the end of the off-ramp and pass under I-270. At first stop light, (Bureau Dr.) turn left into the main NIST entrance.

Driving Directions from Ronald Reagan National Airport (DCA):

Exit National Airport by heading north on the George Washington (GW) Parkway toward Maryland. Take the GW Parkway to I-495 North toward Maryland. At the lane divide, keep left and exit I-495 to take I-270 North toward Rockville, Gaithersburg, and Frederick. Take I-270 North (local lanes) toward Montrose Road. Take Exit #10 off I-270 toward Clopper Road (MD 117) and Quince Orchard Rd (MD 124). Note that these exits are right exits, and exit from the collector/distributor lanes off the Interstate. Be aware of the signs directing you to enter the collector/distributor lanes several hundred yards prior to the exit itself. Merge onto Clopper Road at the end of the off-ramp and pass under I-270. At first stop light, (Bureau Dr.) turn left into the main NIST entrance.

Metro Access to NIST (Subway)

NIST is accessible via the Washington Metro system. NIST is closest to the last stop on the Red Line (Shady Grove station), but it is a ten-minute drive from the Shady Grove station to the NIST campus. NIST provides shuttle service for official visitors and staff to and from the Shady Grove Metro Station. Visitors using Metro can meet the NIST shuttle at the east side "Kiss & Ride" area of the Shady Grove Metro Station at 15 and 45 minutes past the hour from 8:00 am to 5:30 pm. The shuttle departs from the front of the NIST Administration Building on the hour and half hour. Taxis are also available on the west side of the station.

NIST SecurityNIST is a secure facility. There will be no walk-in registration, only pre-registered participants will be admitted to the campus. Non-US citizens will be asked for additional information on the registration form and require additional time to process the registration.

Workshop Agenda

Cross Industry Issues in Nanomanufacturing Workshop

NIST Campus, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 20899

May 20 – 22, 2008

Tuesday, May 20: “The Problem” *Convener: Anne Chaka (NIST)*
7:00 -7:30 am	Continental Breakfast
7:30 -8:45 am Plenary Session	*“Set the stage for the workshop: What are we intending to accomplish and why and what are the Deliverables”*
	7:30 – 7:50 am	Introductions, antitrust, purpose of workshop, deliverables, workshop logistics, facilitated breakout sessions orientation: Anne Chaka (NIST)
	7:50 – 8:00 am	Working with NIST: Terry Lynch (NIST Office of Technology Partnerships)
	8:00 – 8:45 am	Overview of outcomes and follow-up from recent relevant Nanotechnology conferences and workshops: Mike Postek (NIST)
8:45 am -12 noon Morning Plenary Speakers	8:45-9:10 am	Nanomanufacturing Overview: Mohan "Mano" Manoharan (Manager, Surface and Coatings Technology Laboratory at GE Research)
	9:10-9:35 am	Forest Products: Steve Masia (Sappi Fine Paper)
	9:35- 10 am	Automotive: Xingcheng Xiao (Senior Researcher, General Motors R&D)
	10:00—10:15 am	Break
	10:15—10:40 am	Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices: Gary Fletcher, (Advanced Technology Leader / R&D, Becton Dickinson Diagnostics)
	10:40—11:05 am	Chemicals and Semi-Conductors: Mike Garner (Intel)
	11:05—11:30 am	Aerospace: Keith McIver (Boeing)
	11:30 am—12:00 noon	Food Science: Bernadene Magnuson (Senior Scientific & Regulatory Consultant, Cantox Health Sciences International)
12:00 – 1:15 pm Lunch and EHS Speaker	Speaker: Paul Schulte (Director of the Education and Information Division at NIOSH, and coordinator of the agency’s Nanotechnology Research Program)
Afternoon Plenary Speaker 1:15-1:140	Mohamad Al-Sheikhly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park “Challenges in the Synthesis of Nanomaterials for a Wide Variety of Applications”
1:40 -3:15 pm Concurrent breakout groups A, B, and C	Group A	Surface/Interfaces and Non-Bonded Interactions of Nanomaterials. Session Chairs: Gary Fletcher (BD Diagnostics); Christine Mahoney (NIST)
	Group B	Nano-enabled Composites and Matrices. Session Chairs: Steve Masia, (Sappi); Ted Wegner and World Nieh (USDA Forest Service); Gale Holmes (NIST)
	Group C	Separations and Fractionation. Session Chairs: Michael Gaitan (NIST); Ron Rossner (Wyatt Technology Corp.)
3:15 – 3:30 pm	Break
3:30 – 4:30 pm	Breakout groups prepare report
4:30 – 5:00 pm Joint session	Highlights of breakout reports. Each presentation is at most 10 minutes (5 min presentation and 5 minutes Q&A)
Dinner	Dinner at Holiday Inn. Speaker: Michael Holman (Lux Associates)

Wednesday, May 21: “The Solution” *Convener: Michael Postek (NIST)*
7:00 -8:00 am	Continental Breakfast
8:00 - 12 noon Expert speakers to address the nanomaufacturing areas of focus	8:00-8:05 am	Call to Order and Announcements
	8:05-8:40 am	Nanomanufacturing Overview: Mark Tuominen (University of Massachusetts-Amherst)
	8:40-9:10 am	Separations/Fractionation: Wyatt Vreeland (Biochemical Science Division, NIST)
	9:10-9:40 am	Composites: Jeff Gilman (NIST), Huber
	9:40-10:10 am	Surfaces/Interfaces: Linda Schadler (RPI)
	10:10-10:30 am	Break
10:30 am - 12 noon Concurrent breakout sessions Groups A, B, and C	Group A	Surface/Interfaces and Non-Bonded Interactions of Nanomaterials. Session Chairs: Gary Fletcher (Becton Dickinson Diagnostics); Christine Mahoney (NIST)
	Group B	Nano-enabled Composites and Matrices. Session Chairs: Steve Masia, (Sappi); Ted Wegner and World Nieh (USDA Forest Service); Gale Holmes (NIST)
	Group C	Separations and Fractionation. Session Chairs: Michael Gaitan (NIST); Ron Rossner (Wyatt Technology Corp.)
12 noon – 1:00 pm	Lunch. Speaker: “The United States Measurement System and Measurement Needs for Nanotechnology and NanoEHS” Clare Allocca (NIST)
1:00-3:15 pm	Groups A, B and C reconvene
3:15 – 3:30 pm	Break
3:3 0 – 4:30 pm	Breakout groups prepare report
4:30 - 5:00 pm Joint session	Highlights of breakout reports. Each presentation is at most 10 minutes (5 min presentation and 5 minutes Q&A)
5:00-5:30 pm	“The Way Forward: Potential interaction models for collaboration and cross-fertilization” Anne Chaka (NIST) and Mike Garner (Intel)
Dinner	Picnic Barbeque at Smokey Glen Farm.
Thursday, May 22: “The Way Forward” *Convener: Dianne Poster (NIST)*
7:00 -7:00 am	Continental Breakfast
8:00 to 9:00 am Session Chairs present the Deliverables from their session.	8:00 - 8:20 am Group A		Surface/Interfaces and Non-Bonded Interactions of Nanomaterials. Session Chairs: Gary Fletcher (Becton Dickinson Diagnostics); Christine Mahoney (NIST)
	8:20 – 8:40 am Group B		Nano-enabled Composites and Matrices. Session Chairs: Steve Masia, (Sappi); Ted Wegner and World Nieh (USDA Forest Service); Gale Holmes (NIST)
	8:40 – 9:00 am Group C		Separations and Fractionation. Session Chairs: Michael Gaitan (NIST); Dirk Rossner (Wyatt Technology Corp.)
9:00-9:15 am	Break
9:15-11:45 am Next steps	*“Set the stage for the next steps: What are we intending to accomplish next and how* *who does what, when”* *Session Chairs: Gerard Closset (AF and PA), Mike Garner (Intel), Anne Chaka (NIST)*
	· Follow-up action plan · Model for collaboration · Timeline
11:45 am – 12 noon	Concluding remarks. Workshop ends. (Anne Chaka)
12:00 noon	Lunch (Optional)
12:30-2:30 pm	NIST tour (Optional)

Breakout Groups

Group A

Surfaces, Interfaces, and

Non-bonded Interactions of Nanomaterials

Session Chairs: Gary Fletcher (Becton Dickinson Diagnostics);

Christine Mahoney (NIST)

A large of number nano-dimensional materials have been developed for diverse applications demonstrating the effectiveness of understanding materials at this scale. However, substantial difficulties in dispersing and stabilizing nanoparticles have emerged. At this scale, where the surface area to mass is large the building block interactions become significant causing systems to agglomerate. In addition, when incorporated into systems for applications interactions are further compounded by this added complexity. The non-covalent forces such as Van Der Waals and hydrogen bonding can add up due to the very high surface area and large number count of particles. In many natural materials such as wood and bone the summation of these forces can result in materials with useful strength properties.

Areas for consideration include the discovery of ways to measure and quantify the many types of forces between the particles in a wide range of modifying systems. For example, characterization of the nature and complexity of surfaces, both idealized and pragmatic, in concert with the interactions and effects of defects is a challenge in manufacturing of nano-enabled products. Treatments of nanoscale building blocks and systems need to be identified to allow their practical usage in applications.

Specific aims are to:

· identify what surface and interface issues are critical to nanoscale building blocks

· identify what kinds of measurements and chemistries are useful to control the nano-building blocks needed for products

· provide possible solutions to overcome the challenges and barriers for furthering efforts

Group B

Nano-enabled Composites and Matrices

Session Chairs: Steve Masia, (Sappi);

Ted Wegner and World Nieh (USDA Forest Service); Gale Holmes (NIST)

One of the keys to unlocking the benefits of nanotechnology is designing the nanomaterial based on existing and emerging science and building the nanomanufacturing science and technology base to the point where nanomaterial(s) exhibiting unique nanoscale properties can: (1) be designed based on existing and emerging science, (2) routinely be placed into components or systems, (3) retain and combine their unique nanoscale properties in a matrix of other materials and (4) result in superior and controllable composites performance. In developing the needed nanomanufacturing technologies, greater commercial influence and awareness serves to help guide research into the highest priority and most productive areas.

Major topical areas with science–based needs with respect to designing and using nanomaterials, based on existing and emerging science, for commercially producing composite matrices across a number of industry product sectors are material design, testing and characterization, manufacturing, and quality control. Science needs within these topical areas will be interactively discussed and further defined.

Specific aims are to:

· identify science based needs within these topical areas

· discuss and refine these needs and arrive at a prioritized list of fundamental science gaps with respect to the needs

· define the challenges and barriers for filling these gaps and propose solutions

Group C

Separations and Fractionation

Session Chairs: Michael Gaitan (NIST);

Dirk Rossner (Wyatt Technology Corp.)

Specific techniques and industry-based topics with respect to separations and fractionalization of nanomaterials are critical for characterization, stabilization, and incorporation of many materials during manufacturing processes. Nanomaterial applications in medicine, food production and packaging, chemical pigment production, bio-fuel processing, and the forest industry have specific approaches and needs to improve methods and techniques where separations and fractionalizations are critical. Purifications in particular are a targeted emphasis. The break-out group aims to identify needs where specific separations and fractionalizations are critical for industry.

Specific aims are to:

· identify what separation and fractionation issues are critical to nanotechnology

· define what kinds of separations and fractionalizations are used to get formulations needed for products and current limits

· identify challenges and barriers for improving current separations and fractionations to improve yields

Background Reading:

2nd Tri-National Workshop on Standards for Nanotechnology (NIST, February 2008)

Productive Nanosystems: A Technology Roadmap

NNI Documents

NNI Research Strategy, December 2007

NNI EHS Research Strategy, February 2008

NNI: Second Assessment and Recommendations of the National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel, April 2008