PML Site Map

PML

	Advanced Materials Programs/Projects in PML
	All Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML) Events
	Biophysics/Medical Physics Programs/Projects
	Bioscience & Health News in PML
	Bioscience & Health Programs/Projects in PML
	Characterization Programs/Projects in PML
	Chemistry News in PML
	Chemistry Programs/Projects in PML
	Circuit Board Materials May Like It Hot (or Not)
	Divisions / Groups
	Electromagnetics Programs/Projects in PML
	Electronics & Telecommunications News in PML
	Electronics & Telecommunications Programs/Projects in PML
	Energy News in PML
	Energy Programs/Projects in PML
	Environment/Climate Programs/Projects
	Everything You Want To Know About SI (But Were Afraid to Ask)
	Facilities & Instruments
	Five NIST Scientists Win Flemming Awards
	Forecasts and Strategic Plans
	Free Downloadable Viewers
	Gebbie Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences
	Industrial Physics Forum: Innovation Infrastructure
	Magnetics Programs/Projects in PML
	Manufacturing News in PML
	Manufacturing Programs/Projects in PML
	Measurement Science/Standards Programs/Projects
	Measurements and Calibrations
	Microelectronics Programs/Projects in PML
	Molecular Electronics in PML
	Nanoelectronics Programs/Projects in PML
	Nanotechnology News in PML
	Nanotechnology Programs/Projects
	News in PML
	NIST Nobelists Testify on Science Policy
	NIST Offers U.S. Interpretations of Recent SI (Metric) Changes
	NIST Physicist Honored in 2008 Presidential Rank Awards
	NIST Physicist Wins APS Keithley Award
	NIST Physicists are Finalists for Service to America Medals
	NIST Quantum Computing Research Among Top Stories of 2009
	NIST Staff Honored in 2007 Presidential Rank Awards
	NIST Technologies Contribute to Top Science Stories of 2011
	NIST to Accredit Voting Systems Test Labs
	NIST, UM Program To Support Nanotech Development
	Noise Measurement May Boost Cell Phone Performance
	Optical Properties of Materials Programs/Projects in PML
	Optoelectronics Programs/Projects in PML
	Physical Measurement Laboratory Homepage
	Physics News in PML
	Physics Programs/Projects in PML
	PML Office Staff Directory
	PML Organization
	PML Portal
	PML Programs/Projects
	Public Safety/Security Programs/Projects
	Quantum Electrical Measurements Programs/Projects in PML
	Quantum Information and Measurements Programs/Projects in PML
	Quantum Information Programs/Projects
	Remote Sensing Programs/Projects
	Research Opportunities
	Road to AC Voltage Standard Leads to Important Junction
	Semiconductors Programs/Projects in PML
	Seminars & Meetings Series
	Staff Directory
	Superconductors Programs/Projects in PML
	Three NIST Scientists Receive Flemming Awards
	Two New Honors for NIST Physicists
	Two NIST Physicists Win 2007 PECASE Honors
	Two NIST Researchers Earn Presidential Honors
	Two NIST Researchers Nominated for Service to America Medals
	Vision, Mission, and Values
	Web Site Highlights 50 Years of NIST Contributions to Laser Science
	What We Do
	Wireless Programs/Projects in PML
	Workshop Addresses Imaging Technology in Therapeutics

Physical Reference Data

	Atomic and Molecular Data
	Atomic Spectra Database
	Atomic Spectra Database Contents
	Atomic Spectra Database Introduction
	Atomic Spectroscopy Databases
	Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions
	Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions - Column Descriptions
	Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions - Version History
	Condensed Matter Physics Data
	Database Disclaimer
	Elemental Data Index
	Elemental Data Index Version History
	Ground Levels and Ionization Energies for the Neutral Atoms
	Molecular Microwave Spectral Databases
	Molecular Microwave Spectral Databases - Version History
	Molecular Spectroscopic Data
	Nuclear Physics Data
	Periodic Table of the Elements
	Periodic Table: Version History
	Physical Constants
	Physical Reference Data
	Radiation Dosimetry Data
	Radionuclide Half-Life Measurements
	Radionuclide Half-Life Measurements (ASCII)
	Radionuclide Half-Life Measurements (HTML)
	Radionuclide Half-Life Measurements - References
	Radionuclide Half-Life Measurements - Version History
	X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Data

Bibliographies on Atomic Spectroscopy

Spectral Data for Chandra X-ray Observatory

Spectral Data for the Chandra X-Ray Observatory

Photoionization of CO2 (ARPES)

	1. Introduction
	2. Experimental Procedure
	3. Analysis of the Data
	4. Discussion
	5. References
	Figure Captions
	LaTeX Source Code for Equations
	Photoionization of CO2 (ARPES)
	Search Form
	Version History

Atomic Ref. Data for Electronic Structure Calc.

	Atomic Data for Electronic Structure Calculations
	Version History

X-Ray Form Factor, Atten., & Scattering Tables

	Page 2
	X-Ray Form Factor, Atten., & Scattering Tables

Handbook of Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data

	Description
	Handbook of Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data
	Version History

Energy Levels of Hydrogen and Deuterium

Electron-Impact Cross Section Database

Interstellar Molecular Microwave Transitions

	Observed Interstellar Molecular Microwave Transitions
	Version History

Diatomic Spectral Database

Hydrocarbon Spectral Database

Triatomic Spectral Database

Potential Energy Surfaces of Dimer Molecules

	Disclaimer
	Potential Energy Surface Database of Group II Dimers
	Version History

Attenuation Coefficient Bibliography

Ultraviolet Spectrum of Platinum Lamp

	Notes
	Ultraviolet Spectrum of Platinum Lamp
	Version History

Stopping-Powers for e-, p+, and Helium Ions

	Stopping-Power & Range Tables: e-, p+, Helium Ions
	Version History

Spectrum of Th-Ar Hollow Cathode Lamps

	Laboratory Work
	Spectrum of Th-Ar Hollow Cathode Lamps
	Version History

Wavenumbers for Calibration of IR Spectrometers

	Appendix
	Atlas and Wavenumber Tables
	Bibliography
	Description of Tables
	Version History
	Wavenumbers for Calibration of IR Spectrometers

XCOM: Photon Cross Sections Database

X-Ray Mass Atten. and Energy-Absorption Coef.

	Version History
	X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients

X-Ray Transition Energies

	Version History
	X-Ray Transition Energies

Radiation and Biomolecular Physics Division

	2011 Industry Discussion: Ionizing Radiation Detection and Measurement Conference
	Calibrations of Electronic Brachytherapy Sources, Traceable to National Measurement Standards:
	CIRMS 2011
	Ionizing Radiation Staff Directory
	IRD Quality System Conformity Declaration
	IRD Quality System Document Revisions
	IRD Quality System Guide Forms
	IRD Quality System Guides
	IRD Quality System Procedures
	Lithium Concentration and Diffusion
	Measurement Services for Low-to-Medium Energy X-rays
	Meeting on New Technologies and Radiation Measurements
	Neutron Spin Rotation in Liquid Helium
	New NIST-Traceable Standard for Accuracy in Quantitative Nuclear Medicine Imaging
	News in PML - Radiation and Biomolecular Physics
	NIST Intranet Quality System Links
	NIST Sensor Improvement Brings Analysis Method into Mainstream
	NIST Sensor Improvement Brings Analysis Method Into Mainstream YouTube Video Transcript
	Progress and Promise in DIAL LIDAR
	Quality System Documentation Management
	Quality System for IRD Services and SRMs
	R&D 100 Award for New NIST/UMD Neutron Detector
	Radiation and Biomolecular Physics Division
	Revisions Workplace
	Sharpened Focus: Improving the Numbers, Utility of Medical Imaging
	Technical Bulletin on Airport Backscatter X-ray Systems

Ionizing Radiation Division Office

	Emergency Tests Focus on Lab Radioactivity Analyses
	Radiation and Biomolecular Physics Division

Biophysics Group

Dosimetry Group

	A Study of the Irradiation-Temperature Coefficient for Alanine Film and Pellet Dosimeters at Elevated Temperature
	Absorbed-Dose Measurements to Support Biologics Research
	Accelerator Facilities
	Advanced X-ray Systems for the Detection of Special Nuclear Materials
	Advances in Water Calorimetry
	Advancing Alanine Dosimetry for Small Radiosurgery Fields
	Air-Kerma Measurements in High Energy X-ray Beams
	Applications of Diagnostic X-ray Spectrometers
	Applications of NIST Alanine/EPR Dosimetry to the Irradiation of Blood and Blood Products
	Calibration of Low-Energy Photon Brachytherapy Sources
	Calibrations of a Miniature X-ray Source Uded for Electronic Brachytherapy
	Calibrations of Radiation Measuring Instruments in Cs-137 and Co-60 Gamma-ray Beams
	Comparison of Co60 Absorbed Dose for High-Dose Dosimetry
	desrosiers-marc-editorial
	desrosiers-marc-publications
	desrosiers-marc-talks
	Dose/Dose-Rate Effects in Alanine Dosimetry
	Dosimetry Group
	Dosimetry Standardization for Radiobiology
	Evaluation of Uncertainty in Brachytherapy Dosimetry
	High-Dose Dosimetry
	High-Dose Dosimetry Uncertainty Tables
	International Comparisons for Air Kerma and Absorbed Dose to Water from Gamma-ray Beams
	NIST Calibrations of a Miniature X-Ray Source Used for Electronic Brachytherapy
	NIST Work in Support of the Navy Dosimetry Program
	Spectrometry of X-Ray Beams Used for Calibrations
	Staff Listing
	Standard Reference Data on Radiation Interactions
	The Development of New Reference Standards for Digital Mammography
	Theoretical Dosimetry and Radiation-Transport Calculations
	X-ray Security-Screening Standards for Homeland Security
	X-Ray Standards

Neutron Physics Group

	A Novel Optical Technique for Rapid Detection of Neutrons
	Advanced Neutron Imaging Facility
	Alpha-gamma Counting for High Accuracy Fluence Measurements
	Calibrated Neutron Sources
	Californium Neutron Irradiation Facility
	Characterization of Porous Transport Media for Hydrogen Fuel Cells
	Continuous Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping in High Flux Neutron Beams
	Evolution of Image Spatial Resolution
	High-Efficiency Neutron Detection and Spectroscopy
	Magnetically Trapped Neutron Lifetime Experiment
	Measurement of the Electron-Antineutrino Correlation in Neutron Decay
	Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Dipole Moment Using Schwinger Scattering
	Measurement of the Parity Non-Conserving Neutron Spin Rotation (PNC) in Liquid Helium
	Neutron Cross Section Standards
	Neutron Device Calibrations
	Neutron Imaging of Lithium and Alkaline Batteries
	Neutron Interferometry with Polarized Neutrons as an Additional Degree of Freedom
	Neutron Physics Group
	Neutron Source Strength Calibrations
	Neutron Tomography of Hydrogen Storage Bed
	New Calibration Service for 14 MeV Neutron Generators
	New Manganese Sulfate Bath
	Precision Measurement of Radiative Neutron Decay Branching Ratio and Energy Spectrum
	Precision Measurement of the Neutron-He3 Incoherent Scattering Length
	Probing Artificial Muscles with Neutrons
	Search for Time Reversal Violation in Polarized Neutron Decay (emiT)
	Staff Listing
	Use of Quantum Error Coding in a 4-Blade Neutron Interferometer
	Wide-Angle Neutron Polarization Analysis
	X-ray Detection with Large Area Avalanche Photodiodes for the Neutron Radiative Decay Experiment

Radioactivity Group

	Absolute Ag108 Characterization Based on Gamma-Gamma Coincident Detection by Two Nai (TI) Detectors
	Active Interrogation Standards
	Ampoule Specifications and Opening Procedure
	ANSI N42.42 Standard
	Automated Multi-Sample Ionization Chamber for Radioactivity Standards
	Blind Measurement Comparisons of the USA and UK Pb-210 National Standards
	Components of Variance in Liquid Scintillation Counting
	Development of Epoxy Based Ge-68 Standard Phantom Sources
	Development of Epoxy Based Ge-68 Standard Phantom Sources (P2)
	Gamma-ray Spectrometry System
	International Comparison of Lu-177
	International Comparison of Pu-241
	Liquid Scintillation with the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) Method
	N42 2011
	N42-2011 Extension of the N42.42 Standard
	N42-2011 Mobile Instrument
	N42-2011 Neutron Handheld Instruments
	N42-2011 Personal Radiation Detector
	N42-2011 Radiation Portal Monitor
	N42-2011 Radionuclide Identifier
	N42-2011 Simple Spectrometer
	N42-2011 Spectroscopic Personal Radiation Detector
	N42-2011 Spectroscopic Radiation Portal Monitor
	National Technical Nuclear Forensics CRMs
	New Standardization of Ra-228
	New Statistical Analysis Tools
	NIST Laboratory for Quantitative PET-CT Imaging
	Primary Radioactivity Standardization of Ni-63
	Primary Standardization of Radionuclides by Anticoincidence Counting
	Quantification of the Alpha Wall Effect in Liquid Scintillation Counting
	Radioactivity Group
	Radioactivity Standard Reference Materials
	Radionuclide in Soil Reference Materials
	Radon Binding to Water-Soluble Cryptophane
	Secondary Standards for Ra223
	Separation and Purification of Ra-228 for SRM 4339B
	Shellfish Natural Matrix Radionuclide Standard Reference Material 4358
	Staff Listing
	Standardization of Am-243
	Standards Development for Detection of Illicit Trafficking of Radioactive Materials
	Technetium-99m Primary Standardization and International Comparison
	Test and Evaluation Protocols for ANSI/IEEE N42 Standards
	Testing of Radiation Detection Systems
	The Urgent Requirements for New Radioanalytical CRMs

Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division

	‘Electron Trapping’ May Impact Future Microelectronics Measurements
	‘Nanoglassblowing’ Seen as Boon to Study of Individual Molecules
	2010 NIST Mobile Microrobotics Challenge
	A Framework for Bioelectronics: Discovery and Innovation
	About the SDMD
	Acceleration Programs/Projects in Manufacturing Metrology Division
	Acoustical Pressure Measurement Programs/Projects in Manufacturing Metrology Division
	Advanced Materials in Microelectronics Programs Division
	Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	Bioscience & Health Programs/Projects in Semiconductors
	Broadening Uses Put MEMS Technology on the Map(s)
	Calibrations (Mechanical) Programs/Projects in Manufacturing Metrology Division
	Calibrations and Special Tests
	Calibrations Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	Characterization Programs/Projects in Semiconductors
	Characterization, Nanometrology, and Nanoscale Measurements Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	Conference Offers Insight Into Exploration of Nano-sized Electronics
	Conference to Focus on Anti-Counterfeiting, Consumer Protection
	Conferences, Seminars, and Workshops
	Cracking a Tough Nut for the Semiconductor Industry
	Deadline Extended for Entering NIST Microrobotics Challenge
	Directed Self-Ordering of Organic Molecules for Electronic Devices
	DNA Sieve: Nanoscale Pores Can Be Tiny Analysis Labs
	Documentary Standards Programs/Projects in Semiconductors
	EEEL Sponsors INTEL VP’s Visit to NIST
	Electric Power Metrology Programs/Projects in Semiconductors
	Electron Microscopy Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	Events in PML - Semiconductor Electronics
	Extracting Cellular 'Engines' May Aid in Understanding Mitochondrial Diseases
	Force Programs/Projects in Manufacturing Metrology Division
	Good Vibrations Probe Innards of Molecular Electronic Junctions
	Hall Effect Figure 1
	Hall Effect Figure 2
	Hall Effect Figure 3
	Hall Effect Figure 4
	Hall Effect Measurements
	Hall Effect Measurements Algorithm
	Hall Effect Measurements Comments
	Hall Effect Measurements Introduction
	Hall Effect Measurements Leave Comments
	Hall Effect Measurements References
	Hall Effect Measurements Resistivity
	Hall Effect Measurements Sources of Error
	Hall Effect Measurements Worksheet
	Hall Effect Measurements Worksheet 2
	Hankering for Molecular Electronics? Grab the New NIST Sandwich
	Industry Outreach
	Is Your Microrobot Up for the (NIST) Challenge?
	Kinder, Gentler Cell Capture Method Could Aid Medical Research
	Learn About 'NIST and Nanosoccer' from New Web Site and Video
	Length Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	Length—Evolution from Measurement Standard to a Fundamental Constant
	Let the Games Begin! Nanosoccer at 2009 RoboCup in Austria
	Liposome-Hydrogel Hybrids: No Toil, No Trouble for Stronger Bubbles
	Lollipops and Ice Fishing: Molecular Rulers Used to Probe Nanopores
	Memory with a Twist: NIST Develops a Flexible Memristor
	Memory with a Twist: NIST Develops a Flexible Memristor Video Transcript
	Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Programs/Projects in Semiconductors
	Microelectronics Programs/Projects in Microelectronics Programs Division
	Mission, Vision, and Values
	MMD Staff
	Molecular Electronics Programs/Projects in Semiconductors
	NACMA 2010 Annual Workshop and Conference: Meet World Experts on GD&T, Dimensional Measurement Uncertainty, and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) Accuracy
	NACMA 2011 Annual Workshop and Conference: Meet World Experts on GD&T, Dimensional Measurement Uncertainty, and Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) Accuracy
	Nanoelectronics Programs/Projects in Semiconductors
	Nanofabrication, Nanomanufacturing, and Nanoprocessing Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	Nanomanufacturing Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	Nanoscale Dimensioning Is Fast, Cheap with New NIST Optical Technique
	Nanosoccer Robots Ready to Compete in Upcoming RoboCup Games
	Nanostructured Materials Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	New Targets May Hit Bull’s-Eye for Chip Makers
	News in PML - Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology
	NIST 'Catch and Release' Program Could Improve Nanoparticle Safety Assessment
	NIST 'Nanowire' Measurements Could Improve Computer Memory
	NIST Calculations May Improve Temperature Measures for Microfluidics
	NIST Engineers Discover Fundamental Flaw in Transistor Noise Theory
	NIST Finds Rough Spot in Surface Measurement
	NIST Helps Preserve the 500-year-old Waldseemüller Map
	NIST Nanofluidic 'Multi-tool' Separates and Sizes Nanoparticles
	NIST Nanoscale Dimensioning Technique Wins R&D 100 Award
	NIST Polishes Method for Creating Tiny Diamond Machines
	NIST Reference Materials Are 'Gold Standard' for Bio-Nanotech Research
	NIST Releases New Standard for Semiconductor Industry
	NIST Reveals Switching Mechanism in Promising Computer Memory Device
	NIST Studies How New Helium Ion Microscope Measures Up
	NIST Team Advances in Translating Language of Nanopores
	NIST Team Proves Bridge from Conventional to Molecular Electronics Possible
	NIST to Cosponsor Conference in France on Nanoelectronics Metrology
	NIST, AIP to Make Semiconductor Research Freely Available Online
	NIST, Maryland Researchers COMMAND a Better Class of Liposomes
	NIST-Cornell Team Builds World's First Nanofluidic Device with Complex 3-D Surfaces -- Chamber Separates Nanoparticles Like a 'Coin Sorter'
	Novel Nano-Etched Cavity Makes LEDs 7 Times Brighter
	Novel Temperature Calibration Improves NIST Microhotplate Technology
	Optical Metrology Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	Optical Microscopy Programs/Projects in the Mechanical Metrology Division
	Paintable Electronics? NIST Studies Spray-On Manufacturing of Transistors
	PML Researchers Create Tool for 'Circuit-Aware' Reliability Testing
	PML's Pernstich Develops Open-Source Software to Automate Test Equipment
	Public Invited to See Nanosoccer Robots in Action in Pittsburgh
	Reference Materials Planned for Semiconductor Industry
	Research Opportunities in the SED
	Robots Big and Small Showcase Their Skills at NIST Alaskan Events
	Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division
	Sensors Programs/Projects in Manufacturing Metrology Division
	Simulation Program Predicts Resistivity in Nanodevices
	Staff Directory
	Standard Reference Materials
	Standard Reference Materials Programs/Projects in MEL
	Standards Programs/Projects in Precision Engineering Division
	Stop the Waste: Making Measurements Measure Up to Standards
	Teams Gearing Up for Two NIST Robotic Competitions in Alaska
	The Hall Effect
	Time Line for the Definition of the Meter
	Traceability Programs/Projects in Precision Engineering Division
	World’s First Nanofluidic Device with Complex 3-D Surfaces Built

Conference

Dimensional Metrology Group

	Algorithm Testing
	Calibrations and Special Tests
	Complex Geometry Instrumentation and Standards
	Dimensional Metrology Group
	Dimensional Metrology Program
	Improvements in Calibrations and Uncertainty Evaluation
	Metal Tapes
	MicroFeature Calibration Development
	National and International Standards
	Optical Comb and Refractometry
	Precision metal rulers
	Ranging Tests for Laser Scanners
	Ranging Tests for Laser Trackers
	Research Activities
	Research Activities - Papers
	Selected Publications on Dimensional Metrology - 20-Degree Celsius Paper
	Selected Publications on Dimensional Metrology - Gage Blocks
	Selected Publications on Dimensional Metrology - Measurement Assurance
	Selected Publications on Dimensional Metrology - Other Calibrations
	Selected Publications on Dimensional Metrology - Uncertainty and Statistics
	Special Tests of Long Length Standards
	Staff Directory
	Standards for Coordinate Metrology Instruments
	Standards for Measurement Uncertainty
	Standards for Metrology Artifacts
	Volumetric Tests for Coordinate Metrology Instruments

Surface and Nanostructure Metrology Group

	Atom-Based Standards and Fabrication
	Calibrated Atomic Force Microscopy
	Comparison and Uncertainty Evaluation of Methods for Asphere Metrology
	Electromagnetic Scattering
	High-Throughput Nanometrology with Scatterfield Microscopy
	Measurement Methods and Services for Optical Reference Surfaces
	Measuring Aspheric Optics using Binary Holograms
	Measuring the Height Transfer Function of Phase-Shifting Interferometers
	Metrology Electron Microscopy
	Metrology for Advanced Optics
	Microform Metrology
	Micrometer Level Surface Finish Metrology
	Nano-Structured Optics for Measuring Spherical Surfaces with Large Radii
	Nanometer Scale Dimensional Metrology
	Overlay Instrument and Wafer Target Designs
	Staff Directory
	Standard Bullets and Casings
	Surface and Nanostructure Metrology Group
	Surface Finish Metrology
	Wafer Flatness and Wafer Thickness Variation
	Wafer Level AFM Metrology for Critical Dimension Measurements

Nanoscale Metrology Group

	Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Nanoparticle Metrology
	Nanoparticle Manipulation Metrology
	Nanoscale Metrology Group
	Optical Linescale Metrology
	Photomask Dimensional Metrology
	Scanning Particle-Beam Microscope Innovations
	Staff Directory
	Wafer Level SEM Metrology for Critical Dimension Measurements

Microelectronics Device Integration Group

	MEMS Measurement Science and Standards
	Microelectronics Device Integration Group
	Power Device and Thermal Metrology
	Staff Directory

CMOS Reliability and Advanced Devices Group

	CMOS Device and Reliability
	CMOS Reliability and Advanced Devices Group
	Electronics-Based Bio-Sensing, Single Molecule Metrology, and Membrane Protein Structure-Function
	Nanoelectronic Device Metrology
	Staff Directory
	Thin Film Electronics

Quantum Measurement Division

	‘Dead Time’ Limits Quantum Cryptography Speeds
	‘Femtomolar Optical Tweezers’ May Enable Sensitive Blood Tests
	Popular Science Magazine Names Spielman One of Science’s ‘Brilliant Ten’
	Time Magazine Names JQI Work Among Year’s Best Inventions
	A Sub-femtosecond Stop Watch for ‘Photon Finish’ Races
	About the QEMD
	Atoms Dressed with Light Show New Interactions, Could Reveal Way to Observe Enigmatic Particle
	Better 'Photon Loops' May Be Key to Computer and Physics Advances
	Beware the Dim Laser Pointer: NIST Researchers Measure High Infrared Power Levels from Some Green Lasers
	Carl Williams Bio
	Charge It: Neutral Atoms Made to Act Like Electrically Charged Particles
	Cool Nano Loudspeakers Could Make for Better MRIs, Quantum Computers
	Critically Evaluated Atomic Data
	Cross-Dressing Rubidium May Reveal Clues for Exotic Computing
	Diamonds May Be the Ultimate MRI Probe, Say Quantum Physicists
	Division Chief
	Division Office
	Division Office Staff
	Electric Power Metrology Programs/Projects in Quantum Electrical Metrology
	Electrical Quantities Programs/Projects in Quantum Electrical Metrology
	Electron and Optical Physics Division Office Staff
	Everlasting Quantum Wave: NIST Physicists Predict New Form of Soliton in Ultracold Gases
	First Demonstration of 'Spin-Orbit Coupling' in Ultracold Atomic Gases
	Flatland Physics Probes Mysteries of Superfluidity
	Hall Effect Information
	High in Sodium: Highly Charged Tungsten Ions May Diagnose Fusion Energy Reactors
	High-Flying Electrons May Provide New Test of Quantum Theory
	Improved quantitative medical CT imaging
	Ion Armageddon: Measuring the Impact Energy of Highly Charged Ions
	Jobs in the Quantum Electrical Metrology Division
	JQI Physicists Demonstrate Coveted 'Spin-Orbit Coupling' for the First Time in Ultracold Atomic Gases
	JQI Researchers Create 'Synthetic Magnetic Fields' for Neutral Atoms
	JQI Researchers Create Entangled Photons from Quantum Dots
	Laser Cooling and Cold Atomic Matter
	Light Touch: Controlling the Behavior of Quantum Dots
	Nanoscale and Quantum Metrology
	New Calculations on Blackbody Energy Set the Stage for Clocks with Unprecedented Accuracy
	New Nanochemistry Technique Encases Single Molecules in Microdroplets
	News in PML - Quantum Measurement Division
	NIST Demonstrates Better Memory with Quantum Computer Bits
	NIST Physicist Cited as 'Federal Player of the Week'
	NIST Physicist Honored for Measuring Forces between Ultra-cool Atoms
	NIST Physicist Named Outstanding Young Scientist of 2010 by Maryland Academy of Sciences
	NIST Physicists Turn to Radio Dial for Finer Atomic Matchmaking
	NIST Requests Funding Proposals for Projects in Precision Measurement
	NIST Team Demystifies Utility of Power Factor Correction Devices
	NIST Ultraviolet Source Helps NASA Spacecraft Measure the Origins of Space Weather
	NIST's Charles Clark Named Co-Director of the Joint Quantum Institute
	NIST/JQI Researcher Ian Spielman to Receive 2011 Junior BEC Award
	NIST/Maryland Researchers Demonstrate 'Quantum Data Buffering' Scheme -- 'Delayed Quantum Image' Potentially Useful for Quantum Computers
	Nobel Laureate wins Presidential Rank Award
	NSF Physics Frontier Center Created at Joint Quantum Institute
	Patterned Loading of Atoms into an Optical Lattice
	Physicists Produce Quantum-Entangled Images
	Physicists Produce Quantum-Entangled Images -- Convenient, Versatile Technique Could Provide New Tool for Quantum Information, Better Optical Measurements
	Postdoctoral positions
	Predicting the Lifetime of Extreme UV Optics
	Quantum Computer Components 'Coalesce' to 'Converse'
	Quantum Electrical Metrology Division Facilities
	Quantum Information Program at NIST
	Quantum Measurement Division
	Quantum Nature of Light and Matter
	Researchers Demonstrate Novel ‘Quantum Data Buffering’ Scheme
	Simply Weird Stuff: Making Supersolids with Ultracold Gas Atoms
	Stacking the Deck: Single Photons Observed at Seemingly Faster-than-Light Speeds
	Staff Listing
	Stunt Doubles: Ultracold Atoms Could Replicate the Electron ‘Jitterbug’
	Surge Protection in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits
	Terahertz Technology Information
	The Constants They Are A Changin': NIST Posts Latest Adjustments to Fundamental Figures
	The First Non-Trivial Atom Circuit: Progress towards an Atom SQUID
	Thousands of Atoms Swap ‘Spins’ with Partners in Quantum Square Dance
	Video description: Atoms Dressed with Light Show New Interactions, Could Reveal Way to Observe Enigmatic Particle
	Webinars on Planning for Smart Grid Panel Announced
	X Marks the Spot: Ions Coldly Go Through NIST Trap Junction

AC-DC Difference Project

	AC-DC Contacts
	AC-DC Introduction
	AC-DC News
	AC-DC Research
	AC-DC Useful Links
	ACDC Home Page
	International Activities
	Thermal Converter Tutorial
	Thermoelement Tutorial

Fundamental Constants Data Center

	CODATA values of the fundamental constants
	Evaluation Criteria
	Fundamental Constants Data Center
	Group Members
	International System of Units (SI)
	Peter Mohr cv
	Precision Measurement Grants Program
	Quantum Physics Theory
	Two Universities Get Grants for Precision Measurements

Atomic Spectroscopy Group

	2004 Hike
	Atomic History
	Atomic Lifetimes
	Atomic Spectra Database Recent Programs
	Atomic Spectroscopy Data Center
	Atomic Spectroscopy Data Center - new
	Atomic Spectroscopy Group
	Atomic Spectroscopy Group Members
	Charge state simulation
	Classical Spectroscopy
	Different Orbits
	EBIT
	EBIT bibliography
	Ebit History
	EBIT Introduction
	EBIT Operating Principles
	EBIT Tutorial
	Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) Facility
	Electron-Ion Collisions
	Group Photo Montage
	Group Photo Montage 2
	HCl Lithography
	High-Resolution Atomic Spectroscopy
	History of Atomic Spectroscopy at NIST
	History of NRL's involvement
	Ion-Surface Interactions
	Laser Spectro.
	Laser Spectroscopy
	Milestones
	National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowships
	Optical Path
	Optogalvanic Reference Lines
	Other EBITs Around the Globe
	Past News Releases
	People
	Periodic
	Plasma Metrology
	Postdoctoral and other fellowships
	Precision measurement of F2 laser lines
	Radiative and Dielectronic Recombination
	Research Program
	ResOpp
	Spectroscopy of Engineered Atoms
	spectroscopy research
	Technical Activities
	Technical Highlights Atomic Physics Division
	The NIST IR-vis-UV Fourier transform spectrometer
	Trapped Ion Dynamics
	Typical Operating Parameters of the NIST EBIT
	Virtual Tour
	Visible and UV Spectroscopy
	What is a Fourier transform spectrometer?
	X-ray Polarization

Quantum Processes and Metrology Group

	Advanced Linear and Nonlinear Optical Metrology in support of next-generation Lithography
	Designing the Nanoworld: Nanostructures, Nanodevices, and Nanooptics
	Fabrication and Metrology of Novel Magnetic Tunnel Junctions in the Ultra-thin Barrier Limit
	Fabry-Perot displacement interferometry
	Light-matter Interactions in Semiconductor Nanostructures
	Quantum Processes and Metrology Group
	Ultracold atoms and molecules

Quantum Optics Group

	Applied Quantum Information Science
	Correlated photon radiometry
	FPGA-based multicoincidence recipe and software
	Noncollinear phase matching in uniaxial and biaxial crystals
	Quantum information technology and correlated photon radiometry
	Quantum Optics Group
	staff

Laser Cooling & Trapping Group

	Laser Cooling and Trapping Group
	Multi-Photon Laser Cooling
	NIST Physicist Awarded Service to America Medal
	Nonlinear Optics and Non-classical Light
	Quantum Computation and Simulation with Neutral Atoms
	Spinor Condensates and Ultracold Collisions
	Staff Listing

Fundamental Electrical Metrology Group

	AC-DC Difference
	Electronic Kilogram
	Fundamental Electrical Measurements Group
	Metrology of the Ohm
	Quantum Conductance Project/Graphene-Based Quantum Metrology

Applied Electrical Metrology Group

	Applied Electrical Metrology Group
	Electric Power Metrology and the Smart Grid
	Farad and Impedance Metrology

Mass and Force Group

	Automation Update of Force Laboratory Deadweight Machines
	Calibration of the Proving Ring
	How did the Proving Ring Come About
	Implement Robotic Mass Measurements in SP250 Services
	Mass 1 kg CCM Key Comparison
	Mass and Force Group
	Mass and Force Group Staff Directory
	Mechanical Metrology Program
	Proving Ring Patent
	Proving Ring Patent 2
	Redefinition of the Kilogram
	Small Force Metrology
	The Proving Ring
	The Proving Ring Design
	Uniform Realization of the Unit of Torque in the US
	What is Force
	Why measure force?

Sensor Science Division

	‘Micro-boxes’ of Water Used to Study Single Molecules
	‘Nanodrop’ Test Tubes Created with a Flip of a Switch
	9th International Temperature Symposium
	Biophysics in OTD
	Bright Idea Illuminates LED Standards
	Calibration Services
	Differential Absorption LIDAR Test Bed Facility for the Detection and Quantification of Greenhouse Gases
	Employment and Research Opportunities
	End of an Era: NIST to Cease Calibrating Mercury Thermometers
	Events in the Physics Laboratory - Optical Technology
	Exposing the Sensitivity of Extreme Ultraviolet Photoresists
	Facilities in SSD
	Fluid and flow metrology in SSD
	Gold Nanostars Outshine the Competition
	Greenhouse gas and climate measurement in SSD
	Humidity in SSD
	Loopy Photons Clarify ’Spookiness‘ of Quantum Physics
	Making a Point: Picoscale Stability in a Room-Temperature AFM
	New NIST Detector Can ‘See’ Single Neutrons Over Broad Range
	New NIST Method Improves Accuracy of Spectrometers
	New Tool Gives Researchers a Glimpse of Biomolecules in Motion
	News in PML - Sensor Science
	NIST 'Vision Science Facility' Aims for Lighting Revolution
	NIST 'Vision Science Facility' Video Transcript
	NIST Advances Single Photon Management for Quantum Computers
	NIST Assists in Solar Stake-Out to Improve Space Weather Forecasts
	NIST Telescope Calibration May Help Explain Mystery of Universe's Expansion
	NIST, NASA Launch Joint Effort to Develop New Climate Satellites
	Optical properties of materials in SSD
	Photometry in the SSD
	Physicists Find Way to Control Individual Bits in Quantum Computers
	Pressure and vacuum measurements in SSD
	Proper Vaccine Refrigeration Vital to Putting Disease on Ice
	Radiometry in SSD
	Remote sensing in OTD
	Scientists Create NICE Solution to Pneumonia Vaccine Testing Problems
	Scientists Give a Hand(edness) to the Search for Alien Life
	Sensor Science Division
	Sensor Science Staff Directory
	Shape Matters in the Case of Cobalt Nanoparticles
	Small Nanoparticles Bring Big Improvement to Medical Imaging
	Software from SSD
	Specialized measurement capabilities
	Standards Set for Energy-Conserving LED Lighting
	Synchrotron radiation in SSD
	Terahertz Waves Are Effective Probes for IC Heat Barriers
	The Perfect Nanocube: Precise Control of Size, Shape, and Composition
	The Secret Behind NIST's New Gas Detector? Chirp Before Sniffing
	Thermometry in SSD
	To Improve Lung Cancer Diagnosis, Good Medicine Is a Polymer Pill
	UV Lithography: Going to Extremes

Optical Technology Division Office

	Division Office
	OTD Technical Activities Report, Accomplishments 1
	OTD Technical Activities Report, Accomplishments 2
	OTD Technical Activities Report, Accomplishments 3
	OTD Technical Activities Report, Optical measurement methods
	OTD Technical Activities Report, Optical measurement services
	OTD Technical Activities Report, Optical radiation standards
	Sensor Science Division Office Staff Directory

Temperature and Humidity Group

	9th International Temperature Symposium
	Acoustic thermometry
	Advanced infrared radiometry and imaging
	Cryogenic Resistance Thermometers
	Facility for irradiance calibration using synchrotrons
	Facility for spectroradiometric calibrations (FASCAL 2)
	Facility for spectroradiometric calibrations (FASCAL)
	Humidity
	Hybrid humidity generator
	Hygrometers
	Industrial Thermometers
	ITS-90 Defining Artifacts
	ITS-90 Fixed-Point Cell Mini Workshop
	Johnson noise thermometry
	Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
	Promoting alternatives to mercury thermometers
	Radiance temperature calibration laboratory
	Radiation thermometry
	Special Tests for Thermometry
	Spectroradiometry of sources
	Temperature and Humidity Group
	Temperature and Humidity Services
	Temperature and humidity staff directory
	Thermocouples Calibrations Services
	Thermometry
	Thermometry Calibration Services
	Thermometry for semiconductor processing
	Thermophysical properties of moist gases
	Trace Moisture Hygrometers

Fluid Metrology Group

	Atomic Standard of Pressure
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Air Speed
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Air Speed Special Tests
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Gas Flow
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Gas, Water, or Liquid Hydrocarbon Flows Special Tests
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Liquid Density (Hydrometer)
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Liquid Hydrocarbon Flow
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Transfer Standards
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Volume
	Fluid Metrology Calibration Services - Water Flow
	Fluid Metrology Group
	Fluid Metrology Group Staff Directory
	Hydrogen Flow Standard for Vehicle Refueling
	Index of Semiconductor Process Gases
	International Flow Metrology Resources
	Pipeline-Scale Flow Measurement Standards for Natural Gas
	Reference Values of Gas Viscosity
	Related Metrology Standards
	SRD 134 Ammonia
	SRD 134 Argon
	SRD 134 Boron Trichloride
	SRD 134 Carbon Dioxide
	SRD 134 Carbon Monoxide
	SRD 134 Carbon Tetrafluoride
	SRD 134 Chlorine
	SRD 134 Ethylene Oxide
	SRD 134 Helium
	SRD 134 Hexafluroethane
	SRD 134 Hydrogen
	SRD 134 Hydrogen Bromide
	SRD 134 Hydrogen Sulfide
	SRD 134 Nitric Oxide
	SRD 134 Nitrogen
	SRD 134 Nitrogen Trifluoride
	SRD 134 Nitrous Oxide
	SRD 134 Oxygen
	SRD 134 Sulfur Dioxide
	SRD 134 Sulfur Hexafluoride
	SRD 134 Trimethyl Gallium
	SRD 134 Tungsten Hexafluoride
	SRD 134, Database of the Thermophysical Properties of Gases Used in the Semiconductor Industry

Optical Radiation Group

	Aperture area measurement facility
	Aperture area measurements
	Calculation of optical constants and dielectric response
	Diffraction effects in radiometry
	FAQs for spectral responsivity calibrations
	High resolution infrared and Raman studies of atmospheric-related and highly strained molecules
	Infrared studies for atmospheric atlases
	Large-amplitude motion
	Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy
	Molecular spectroscopy
	Optical medical imaging
	Optical radiation calibration services
	Optical Radiation Group
	Optical Radiation Staff Directory
	Reference transmittance spectrophotometer
	Spectral comparator facilities
	Spectral responsivity calibrations
	Spectral responsivity measurement
	Spectrophotometry
	Spectroscopic identification of interstellar molecules
	Standards for x-ray computed tomography
	STARR
	Theory of the optical properties of materials
	Transfer spectrophotometer
	Vibrational and electronic energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules

Optical Properties & Infrared Technology Group

	Absolute cryogenic infrared radiometry
	BIB-trap detector
	BMDO transfer radiometer (BXR)
	Complete hemispherical infrared laser-based reflectometer (CHILR)
	Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIS) facility
	Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP)
	Infrared cryogenic blackbody broadband calibration
	Infrared laser gonioreflectometer instrument (ILGRI)
	Infrared optical properties of materials and components
	Infrared reference integrating sphere (IRIS)
	Infrared technology calibration services
	Infrared Technology Staff Directory
	Low background infrared (LBIR) facility
	Missile defense transfer radiometer (MDXR)
	Optical Properties and Infrared Technology Group
	Pico-Watt ACR
	Special tests for infrared optical properties of materials
	System for infrared spectral emittance of materials
	Thermal infrared transfer radiometer (TXR)
	Transfer radiometers and reference detectors

Lighting and Color Group

	Acronyms of NMIs
	Applied spectroradiometry and imaging metrology
	Calibration and transfer standards for total spectral radiant flux
	Color and appearance
	Color and appearance metrology facility
	Color rendering of light sources
	Detector metrology
	Detector-based color scale
	Effective intensity of flashing lights
	Five-axis goniometer for BRDF measurements
	Goniophotometer for specular gloss calibrations
	International committee work
	International intercomparisons
	International standardization activities
	Lighting and Color Calibrations
	Lighting and Color Group
	Lighting and Color Staff Directory
	Measurement of high-power LEDs
	Measurement of solid-state lighting products
	NIST Gonio-spectroradiometer
	Photometry
	Realization of related photometric units
	Realization of the candela
	Realization of the lumen
	Reference 0:45 reflectometer
	Reference transmittance densiometer
	Retroreflection calibration facility (CHARM)
	Solid-state lighting metrology
	Spectral measurement
	Spectrally tunable lighting facility
	Standardization support
	Stray light correction
	Transfer and working standard radiometers and photometers
	Vision science

Laser Applications Group

	Bidirectional optical scattering facility
	Laser Applications Group
	Laser Applications Staff Directory
	Lunar spectral irradiance and radiance (LUSI)
	Lunar spectro-radiometer
	Modeled integrated scattering tool (MIST)
	NIST Stars
	Optical grating scatterometry
	Optical scattering from surfaces
	Primary optical watt radiometer (POWR)
	Primary optical watt radiometer (POWR) facility
	SCATMECH
	SIRCUS facility and uncertainties
	Spectral irradiance and radiance responsivity calibrations using uniform sources (SIRCUS)
	STARR II
	Telescope calibration facility

Ultraviolet Radiation Group

	Beamline 10: Electron beam imaging
	Beamline 2: Spectrometer Calibrations
	Beamline 3: Facility for Irradiance Calibration Using Synchrotrons
	Beamline 4: Ultraviolet Optical Properties and Calibrations
	Bilateral Comparison of Spectral Responsivity in the Vacuum-Ultraviolet
	EUV Detector Calibrations
	EUV Detector Radiometry Beamline
	Far Ultraviolet Calibration Facility
	Long-Term Monitoring of the Ultraviolet Irradiance Scale
	NIST Calibration of SDO/EVE/ESP Rocket Instrument
	NIST Electron and Optical Physics Division Far UV Staff Listing
	NIST Lyman-Alpha Neutron Detector (LAND)
	NIST SURF Accelerator Status
	NIST SURF Beam Image
	NIST SURF Beamlines
	Photodetector Analysis for Biological Agent Detection
	Synchrotron Radiation-Based Calibrations for Space Weather Prediction
	Synchrotron Radiation-based Ultraviolet Source Calibrations
	Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility SURF III
	Ultraviolet Photoemission Electron Microscopy
	Ultraviolet Radiation Group
	Ultraviolet Radiation Staff Directory
	Vacuum-Ultraviolet Optical Properties of Cryogenic Water Ices
	VUV Detector Calibrations - Al Oxide Photodiode Description
	VUV Detector Calibrations - Al Oxide Photodiode Fee Sheet
	VUV Detector Calibrations - CsTe Photodiode Description
	VUV Detector Calibrations - CsTe Photodiode Fee Sheet
	VUV Detector Calibrations - Overview
	VUV Detector Calibrations - Si Photodiode Description
	VUV Detector Calibrations - Si Photodiode Fee Sheet
	What is synchrotron radiation?

Pressure and Vacuum Group

	A Gas Pressure Scale Based on Primary Standard Piston Gauges
	Accurate Flow Meter and Viscometer for Gases
	Flow/Leak Standards and Calibrations
	High-Stability Transfer Standard for the Barometric Pressure Range of 100 Pa to 130 kPa
	Low Pressure Manometry Standards and Calibrations
	Physical Properties of Liquid Precursors
	Piston Gauge Standards and Calibrations
	Pressure and Vacuum Calibration Services
	Pressure and Vacuum Group
	Pressure and Vacuum Group Facilities
	Pressure and Vacuum Group International Comparisons
	Pressure and Vacuum Group Staff Directory
	Unit Conversions
	Vacuum Standards and Calibrations

Highlights

	Highlight about alternative material for relfectance standards
	Highlight about annual CORM meeting
	Highlight about Brown's recognition
	Highlight about calibration of NISTAR
	Highlight about data gap workshop
	Highlight about Davis's WaPo recognition
	Highlight about guidelines for NISTIR 7637
	Highlight about hyperspectral image projection
	Highlight about Intercomparison for LDCM
	Highlight about investigating nanoscale pattern shape evolution
	Highlight about ISO plenary meeting on nanotechnology
	Highlight about Jacox's prefatory chapter
	Highlight about Litorja's medical imaging collaboration
	Highlight about measurement validation of ocean color
	Highlight about NIST Color Quality Scale
	Highlight about NIST Standard Stars
	Highlight about Plusquellic's APS recognition
	Highlight about report on bridging data gaps in climate record
	Highlight about spectrally tunable lighting facility
	Highlight about system-level calibration of VIIRS
	Highlight about workshop on homeland security standards
	Highlight about workshop on optical medical imaging
	Highlights
	Sensor Science Division Highlights 2008-2009

Publications

	Publications in SSD
	Self-study manual
	SP 250 series from SSD
	SP 980: A partnership for advanced measurement standards

Short Courses

	ITS-90 Fixed-Point Cell Cell Mini-Workshop
	NIST Photometry Short Course
	NIST Radiation Thermometry Short Course
	NIST Spectrophotometry Short Course
	NIST Spectroradiometry Short Course
	Selecting and Using Alternative Thermometers
	Short Courses offered by SSD
	Transportation to NIST

Quantum Electronics and Photonics Division

	EEEL’s New Optical Performance Monitoring of Polarization Impairment in Optical Fiber Communication, Oct 2009
	2009 Allen V. Astin Award for Waveform Metrology
	2009 Bronze Medal for Quantum Dot Metrology
	A Cool Beat: NIST Micro-Drum Chilled to Quantum Ground State
	A Measurement First: NIST 'Noise Thermometry' System Measures Boltzmann Constant
	Adding Up Photons with a TES
	Advanced Materials Programs/Projects in Optoelectronics
	Applying Neural Networks
	Awards in Optoelectronics
	Boulder Safety Reps Receive 2010 NIST Safety Award
	Bright Future for GaN Nanowires
	Celebrating Superconductivity: NIST Debuts Online Museum of Quantum Voltage Standards
	Chip-scale Refrigerators Cool Bulk Objects
	Cooler Than Ever: NIST Mechanical Micro-Drum Chilled to Quantum Ground State
	Copper Ridges Nearly Double X-ray Sensor Performance
	Cosmic Sensors Video Description for the Visually Impaired
	EEEL develops all-fiber photon pair source with record low noise and high brightness
	Erich Grossman Receives 2010 Allen V. Astin Award
	Etched Quantum Dots Shape Up as Single Photon Emitters, NIST Tests Show
	Extreme Darkness: Carbon Nanotube Forest Covers NIST’s Ultra-dark Detector
	Growing Glowing Nanowires to Light Up the Nanoworld
	High-Order Coherences of Chaotic and Coherent Light
	Igor Vayshenker Receives 2007 Allen V. Astin Award
	ISO TC172/SC5 Optics and Photonics/Microscopes and Endoscopes
	John Lehman Receives Rocky Mountain Eagle Award
	John Lomax Receives Crittenden Award
	Joshua Hadler Receives NIST Safety Award
	Key Ingredient: Change in Material Boosts Prospects of Ultrafast Single-photon Detector
	Laser Applications Heat Up for Carbon Nanotubes
	Laser Measurements Seminar
	Lehman, Cromer, and Li Receive 2008 FLC Technology Transfer Award
	Marla Dowell Receives 2009 Arthur S. Flemming Award
	Molecular Beam Epitaxy Facility
	Nano 'Pin Art': NIST Arrays Are Step Toward Mass Production of Nanowires
	Nanoelectronics and Nanoscale Electronics Programs/Projects in Optoelectronics
	Nathan Newbury Elected OSA Fellow
	New Nanotube Coating Enables Novel Laser Power Meter
	New NIST Method Reveals All You Need to Know About ‘Waveforms’
	News in Quantum Electronics and Photonics Division
	NIST Detector Counts Photons With 99 Percent Efficiency
	NIST Detector Scans the Universe in Hawaiian Telescope Camera SCUBA-2
	NIST Develops 'Dimmer Switch' for Superconducting Quantum Computing
	NIST Electromechanical Circuit Sets Record Beating Microscopic 'Drum'
	NIST Laser-Based Method Cleans Up Grubby Nanotubes
	NIST LIDAR Distance Measurement Video Descriptive Text for the Visually Impaired
	NIST Micro Sensor and Micro Fridge Make Cool Pair
	NIST Photon Detectors Have Record Efficiency
	NIST Prototype 'Optics Table on a Chip' Places Microwave Photon in Two Colors at Once
	NIST Researchers Create 'Quantum Cats' Made of Light
	NIST Ships First Programmable AC/DC 10-Volt Standard
	NIST Staff Honored for Technology Transfer
	NIST Super-Sensors to Measure 'Signature' of Inflationary Universe
	NIST Super-Sensors to Measure ‘Signature’ of Inflationary Universe
	NIST YouTube Channel Features Ultraprecise Measurement with Lasers
	NIST’s LIDAR May Offer Peerless Precision in Remote Measurements
	NIST’s Microscopic Drum Could Link Electromagnetic, Mechanical Motion at Quantum Level
	NIST’s Novel ‘Noise Thermometry’ May Help Redefine International Unit of Temperature
	Novel Laser Attenuator
	NRC Postdoc Opportunities in Optoelectronics
	Optical Properties of Materials Programs/Projects in Optoelectronics
	Optoelectronics Division Standard Reference Materials
	Optoelectronics Employment Opportunities
	Optoelectronics Staff Directory
	Paul Boynton Receives 2008 William P. Slichter Award
	Photoluminescence from GaN Nanowires
	Piece of Cake: Arrays of Long Nanotubes May Help Measure Terahertz Laser Power
	Powerful NIST Detectors on Hawaiian Telescope to Probe Origins of Stars, Planets and Galaxies
	Prototype NIST Device Measures Absolute Optical Power in Fiber at Nanowatt Levels
	Quantum Electronics and Photonics Division
	Quantum Information and Measurements Programs/Projects in Quantum Electrical Metrology
	Radiometry Programs/Projects in Optoelectronics
	Record-breaking Detector May Aid Nuclear Inspections (Tech Beat)
	Sae Woo Nam Receives 2008 Arthur S. Flemming Award
	Sae Woo Nam Receives 2008 Rabinow Award
	Sae Woo Nam Receives DOC Gold Medal
	Semiconductor Composition Standard Reference Material
	Semiconductors Programs/Projects in Optoelectronics
	Sensors Programs/Projects in Quantum Electrical Metrology
	Telecommunications Programs/Projects in Optoelectronics
	Ultra-precise LIDAR Group Receives DOC Silver Medal
	Uncertainty Analysis for Pulse Parameters
	Vibrationally Robust Frequency Comb
	Wavelength Standard Reference Materials

Calibrations

	Calibration Services
	General Laser Measurements
	High-Speed Detector Measurements
	High-Speed Optical and Electrical Measurements
	Laser Power and Energy Calibrations

Quantum Devices

	Advanced Magnetic and Quantum Materials
	Quantum Devices Group
	Quantum Information and Measurements
	Quantum Sensors
	Quantum Voltage System Development and Dissemination

Optoelectronic Manufacturing

	Nanostructure Fabrication and Metrology
	Optoelectronic Manufacturing Group
	Semiconductor Metrology for Energy Conversion
	Single Photonics and Quantum Information
	Terahertz Imaging and Sources

Sources/Detectors

	Fiber Sources and Applications
	Laser Radiometry
	Sources and Detectors Group

Time and Frequency Division

	‘NMR on a Chip’ Features NIST Magnetic Mini-Sensor
	'Metal-Decorated' Nanotubes Hold Promise for Fuel Cells
	A Quiet Phase: NIST Optical Tools Produce Ultra-low-noise Microwave Signals
	Colorado Governor Ritter Honors NIST Internet Time Service
	Compact JILA System Stabilizes Laser Frequency
	Daylight Saving Time Rules
	Drive Test: NIST Super-stable Laser Shines in Minivan Experiment
	Enjoy New Year's Eve a Second Longer!
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Future 'Comb on a Chip': NIST's Compact Frequency Comb Could Go Places
	General Interest T&F Publications
	Glasperlenspiel: NIST Scientists Propose New Test for Gravity
	Good Times! Get to Know Your Radio-Controlled Clock
	Here Comes the Sun: NIST Radio Station WWVH in Hawaii Adds Solar Power
	JILA Scientists Create First Dense Gas of Ultracold ‘Polar’ Molecules
	Journal and Conference Abbreviations
	Leap Seconds
	Links to Time and Frequency Exhibits
	Local time
	Measurement of ‘Forbidden’ Collisions Could Improve Atomic Clock Accuracy
	Mercury Atomic Clock Keeps Time with Record Accuracy
	Mercury Atomic Clock Sets Time-Keeping Record
	New Strontium Atomic Clock at JILA is ‘Best in Class’
	New Time Widget Puts Accurate Clocks on Web Pages
	News in PML - Time and Frequency
	NIST 'Quantum Logic Clock' Rivals Mercury Ion as World's Most Accurate Clock
	NIST 'Quantum Logic Clock' Rivals Mercury Ion as World's Most Accurate Clock
	NIST 'Quantum Tuning Forks' Demonstrate Directly Coupling of Vibrating Ions
	NIST Achieves Record-Low Error Rate for Quantum Information Processing with One Qubit
	NIST Clock Experiment Demonstrates That Your Head is Older Than Your Feet
	NIST Demonstrates 'Universal' Programmable Quantum Processor
	NIST Demonstrates 'Universal' Programmable Quantum Processor for Quantum Computers
	NIST Demonstrates First Quantum 'Entanglement' of Ions Using Microwaves
	NIST Demonstrates Sustained Quantum Computation Processing
	NIST Demonstrates Sustained Quantum Processing in Step Toward Building Quantum Computers
	NIST Develops Novel Ion Trap for Sensing Force and Light
	NIST Develops Powerful Method of Suppressing Errors in Many Types of Quantum Computers
	NIST Mini Sensor May ‘Change the Way We Live’
	NIST Mini-Sensor Traces Faint Magnetic Signature of Human Heartbeat
	NIST Physicist David Wineland to Share 2010 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics
	NIST Physicist James Bergquist Elected to National Academy of Sciences
	NIST Physicist Wineland Awarded 2007 National Medal of Science
	NIST Physicist Wins OSA’s First Walther Award
	NIST Physicists 'Entangle' Two Atoms Using Microwaves for the First Time
	NIST Physicists Boost 'Entanglement' of Atom Pairs
	NIST Physicists Coax Six Atoms into Quantum 'Cat' State
	NIST Physicists Demonstrate Quantum Entanglement in Mechanical System
	NIST Physicists Win European and Optics Society Awards
	NIST Racetrack Ion Trap is a Contender in Quantum Computing Quest
	NIST radio broadcasts
	NIST time
	NIST Time and Frequency Division Seminars and Workshops
	NIST Time and Frequency Metrology Seminar to be held June 2-5
	NIST Time and Frequency Redirect Page
	NIST Updates Popular Guide to Radio-Controlled Clocks
	NIST's Second 'Quantum Logic Clock Based on Aluminum Ion is Now World's Most Precise Clock
	NIST’s Second 'Quantum Logic Clock' is Now World’s Most Precise Clock
	NIST, CU to Build Instrument to Help Search for Earth-like Planets
	Novel Ion Trap with Optical Fiber Could Link Atoms and Light in Quantum Networks
	Publications
	Quantum Computing Results May Help in Code Breaking
	Quantum Hot Potato: NIST Researchers Entice Two Atoms to Swap Smallest Energy Units
	Record-setting Laser May Aid Searches for Earthlike Planets
	Scientists Build First 'Frequency Comb' To Display Visible 'Teeth'
	Staff Template
	Time and Frequency Division
	Time Is Money: SIM Time Network Has Far-Reaching Benefits
	Timekeeping and clocks
	Times of day
	What Time is It?
	Wherefore a Leap Second?
	Yikes! NIST Sensor Measures Yoctonewton Forces Fast
	Ytterbium Gains Ground in Quest for Next-Generation Atomic Clocks

Division Office

	"Best Of" Talks
	Authenticated NTP Service
	Description of Calibration Services
	Division Office
	Factor of 1,000 Improvement in Timing Metrology to Enable Innovation
	Frequency Synthesis for Atomic Standards
	legal note
	Low-Noise Microwave Cavity Oscillator
	NIST Internet Time Service (Information about firewalls)
	Optoelectronic Oscillators
	Phase and Amplitude Noise Measurements
	Projects
	Publications
	Pulsed X-Band PM/AM Noise Measurement Systems
	Time and Frequency Metrology
	Time Domain Stability Statistics
	Vibration Sensitivity Measurements
	W-band Frequency Synthesis and AM/PM Noise Measurement System

Ion Storage Group

	Conferences
	Getting into NIST for the Ion Workshop
	Ion Frequency Standards
	Ion Storage Group
	Ion Storage Group Photo
	Ion Workshop - Program and Abstracts
	Ion Workshop - Travel and Lodging
	Miscellaneous publications
	Penning Traps
	Poster Session for the Ion Workshop
	Quantum logic and coherent control
	Registration information for Ion Workshop
	Workshop on Ion Trap Technology

Time and Frequency Services Group

	Atomic Clock History
	Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS)
	Closed Captioning
	Division History
	GPS Data Archive
	History of Radio Station WWV
	History of WWVB
	Internet Time Service Firewall information
	Manufacturers of Time and Frequency Receivers
	New Guide Is Timely for Radio Controlled Clocks, Watches
	NIST Authenticated NTP Service
	NIST Frequency Measurement and Analysis Service (FMAS)
	NIST Internet time service
	NIST Time Measurement and Analysis Service (TMAS)
	O’Brian Named Director of NIST Boulder Laboratories
	Publishers of Time and Frequency Software
	Radio Station WWV
	Radio Station WWVB
	Radio-controlled clocks
	Telephone Time-of-Day Service
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: A to Al
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: Am to B
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: C to Ce
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: Ch to Cy
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: D to Do
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: Dr to E
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: F
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: G
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: H
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: I
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: Index
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: J to K
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: L
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: M
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: N to O
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: Notes
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: P
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: Q to Ra
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: Re to Ru
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: S to So
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: St to Sy
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: T to Te
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: Ti
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: To to Tw
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: U to W
	Time and Frequency from A to Z: X to Z
	Time and Frequency Services
	Time Code Format
	VB phase error page
	WWV Broadcast Format
	WWV Broadcast Outages
	WWV/WWVH Broadcast Format
	WWV/WWVH Station Library
	WWVB 2010 Outages
	WWVB Coverage Maps
	WWVB Station Library
	WWVB Station Outages
	WWVB Time Code Format
	wwvb-2011-outages

Atomic Standards Group

Optical Frequency Measurements Group

Quantum Physics Division

	AFM Positioning: Shining Light on a Needle in a Haystack
	Crowding Out Collisions: Close Quarters Boost Atomic Clock's Accuracy
	First Tunable, ‘Noiseless’ Amplifier May Boost Quantum Computing, Communications
	Gold Nanoparticles Prove to Be Hot Stuff
	Good Timing: NIST/CU Collaboration Adds Timing Capability to Living Cell Sensors
	It's Electrifying: JILA Scientists Use Electric Fields to Control Chemical Reactions of Ultracold Molecules
	JILA Frequency Comb System Detects Gas Impurities to Aid Semiconductor Manufacturing
	JILA Scientists Create First Dense Gas of Ultracold 'Polar' Molecules
	JILA Scientists Demonstrate First Controlled Chemical Reactions of Ultracold Molecules
	JILA Story Makes Physics 'Top Ten' List
	JILA Team Finds New Parallel Between Cold Gases and ‘Hot’ Superconductors
	JILA Unveils Improved 'Molecular Fingerprinting' for Trace Gas Detection
	JILA/NIST Scientists Get a Grip on Colliding Fermions to Enhance Atomic Clock Accuracy
	New Colors: JILA Scientists Confirm First 'Frequency Comb' to Probe Ultraviolet Wavelengths
	New Technique Reveals Hidden Properties of Ultracold Atomic Gases
	New Wave: JILA Develops Efficient Source of Terahertz Radiation
	News in PML - Quantum Physics
	NIST Physicist Deborah Jin to Receive Sigma Xi's Top Honor
	NIST Physicist Honored for Technological Innovation
	NIST Physicist Receives APS I.I. Rabi Prize
	NIST/JILA 'Dark Pulse Laser' Produces Bursts of … Almost Nothing
	NIST/JILA Physicist Jun Ye Elected to National Academy of Sciences
	NIST/JILA Physicist Wins Optical Society's Meggers Award
	Nonstick and Laser-safe Gold Aids Laser Trapping of Biomolecules
	Optical 'Frequency Comb' Can Detect the Breath of Disease
	Quantum Physics Division
	Quantum Quirk: JILA Scientists Pack Atoms Together to Prevent Collisions in Atomic Clock
	Seeing the Quantum in Chemistry: JILA Scientists Control Chemical Reactions of Ultracold Molecules
	Skipping Atomic-scale Stones to Study Some Chemistry Basics
	Some Like It Hot: How to Heat a 'Nano Bathtub' the JILA Way
	Staff
	Stretching, the Truth: JILA Biophysicists Help Unravel DNA Stretching Mystery

Electromagnetics Division

	Antenna Metrology Project
	Antenna Parameter Measurement by Near-Field Techniques
	Calibration Services
	Call Forwarding: New NIST Procedure Could Speed Cell Phone Testing
	Compact High-Temperature Superconducting Cable Wins 'R&D 100' Award
	Compact High-Temperature Superconducting Cables Demonstrated at NIST
	EEEL Staff Member Wins the IEEE EMC Society Stoddart Award
	Electromagnetic Phantom Exorcises Specters of Metal Detector Tests
	Electromagnetics Division
	Electromagnetics Division Introduction
	Emergency Links: NIST Identifies ‘Sweet Spot’ for Radios in Tunnels
	Engineered Metamaterials Enable Remarkably Small Antennas
	Events in PML - Electromagnetics
	Experiments at Demolition of Old Washington Convention Center Aim to Improve First Responder Communications
	Facilities
	Good Eggs: NIST Nanomagnets Offer Food for Thought About Computer Memories
	Implosion of Washington Convention Center, NIST Radio Propagation Experiments Extra Photos
	Magnetics Programs/Projects in Electromagnetics
	Meet Phannie, NIST's Standard 'Phantom' for Calibrating MRI Machines
	Micromagnets Show Promise as Colorful 'Smart Tags' for MRI
	Nano-Signals Get a Boost from Magnetic Spin Waves
	New Automated Technique with Online Verification Eases Network Analyzer Calibration
	New Report on NIST Tests of Wireless Environment in Auto Factories
	New Wave: Spin Soliton Could Be a Hit in Cell Phone Communication
	News in PML - Electromagnetics
	NIST Discovers How Strain at Grain Boundaries Suppresses High-Temperature Superconductivity
	NIST Finds ‘Metafilms’ Can Shrink Radio, Radar Devices
	NIST Tests Help Ensure Reliable Wireless Alarm Beacons for First Responders
	NIST Tunes 'Metasurface' with Fluid in New Concept for Sensing and Chemistry
	Penetrating Insights: NIST Airframe Tests Help Ensure Better Shielding for Flight Instruments
	Prototype Terahertz Imager Promises Biochem Advances
	Random Antenna Arrays Boost Emergency Communications
	Related Software
	Spin Electronics (2005)
	Superconductors Programs/Projects in Electromagnetics
	Toward a Global Microwave Standard

Magnetics Group

	Biomagnetic Imaging Standards and Microsystems
	Magnetic Attraction: NIST/CU Microchip Demonstrates Concept of 'MRAM for Biomolecules'
	Magnetic Devices and Nanostructures (2005)
	Magnetic Devices and Nanostructures (2007)
	Magnetic Thin Films and Devices
	Magnetic Thin Films and Devices 2001
	Magnetic Thin Films and Devices 2002
	Magnetics Group
	Magnetics Publications
	Magneto-Mechanical Measurements for High Current Applications 2005
	Magneto-Mechanical Measurements for High Current Applications 2006
	Magnetodynamics (2001)
	Magnetodynamics 2004
	Magnetodynamics 2005
	Magnetodynamics 2007
	Magnetodynamics and Spin Electronics
	Microsystems (2007)
	NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateships
	Spin Electronics (2007)
	Standard for Superconductor Characterization 2001
	Standards for Superconductor and Magnetic Measurements 2005
	Standards for Superconductor Characterization (2004)
	Standards for Superconductor Characterization(2002)
	Standards for Superconductors and Magnetic Measurements 2006
	Superconductivity Publications
	Superconductor Electromagnetic Measurements (2001)
	Superconductor Electromagnetic Measurements (2002)
	Superconductor Electromagnetic Measurements (2004)
	Superconductor Electromechanics

Radio-Frequency Electronics Group

	Advanced High Frequency Devices
	Advanced Materials Metrology
	Advanced Materials Metrology Publications
	Characterization of Planar Transmission Lines
	Coupled Lines/Multiport Measurement/Orthogonal Calibration
	Fundamental Guided Wave Metrology
	High Speed Electronics
	Journal and Conference Publications for Dylan Williams
	NIST/Industrial MMIC Consortium
	On-Wafer Calibration, Measurement, and Measurement Verification
	Publications by Dylan Williams (Topic Based)
	Radio-Frequency Electronics Group
	RM8130
	Story of the Causal Cat
	Thermal Noise Metrology
	Thermal Noise Metrology Project Publications
	Thermal Noise Metrology Project Talks
	Thin-Film/Low-K Dielectric Constant Measurement

Radio-Frequency Fields Group

	Antenna Metrology
	Field Parameter Metrology
	Publication List for Kate Remley
	Radio-Frequency Fields Group
	Wireless Systems Metrology

General Interest

	General Interest
	Original NIST Campus in D.C. Designated 'Physics Historic Site'

Marie Curie and the NBS Radium Standards

	1913: The U.S. Curie Standard
	1921: Marie Curie visits the U.S.
	1927: NBS gold leaf electroscope
	1929: Marie Curie visits the Hoover White House
	1937: NBS Hönigschmid standard
	1940s: NBS radon measurements
	1950s: Calorimetric comparisons of national Ra standards
	Acknowledgements
	Bibliography
	Biographies
	Biography of Leon Curtiss
	Biography of Marie Curie
	Biography of Noah Dorsey
	Biography of Wilfrid Mann
	Decay Schema
	Marie Curie and the NBS Radium Standards
	Modern NIST Certificate
	Present: Status of national standards

The Fall of Parity

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

A Walk Through Time

	A Revolution in Timekeeping
	A Walk Through Time
	Ancient Calendars
	Bibliography
	Early Clocks