Steady CH4/air flame: 7.78 cm/s (7.53 cc/s) CH4; 7.90 cm/s (633 cc/s) air Laser-induced incandescence measurements of soot volume fraction Radius H = 20 mm H = 25 mm H = 30 mm H = 35 mm H = 40 mm H = 45 mm H = 50 mm H = 55 mm H = 60 mm H = 65 mm H = 70 mm H = 75 mm -7.00 7.518E-0010 4.484E-0010 4.032E-0010 5.510E-0010 -2.051E-0010 -8.868E-0012 1.901E-0010 7.580E-0010 6.081E-0010 5.946E-0010 3.712E-0010 5.669E-0010 -6.75 -1.921E-0010 6.221E-0010 -8.594E-0011 3.388E-0010 6.146E-0010 2.297E-0011 3.315E-0011 2.596E-0010 2.322E-0010 1.230E-0009 6.192E-0010 1.518E-0010 -6.50 1.045E-0009 6.290E-0011 3.534E-0010 7.464E-0010 6.032E-0010 -1.212E-0011 1.007E-0009 2.964E-0010 -7.568E-0011 2.600E-0010 1.847E-0009 4.563E-0010 -6.25 5.968E-0010 1.514E-0010 1.005E-0009 1.073E-0009 1.479E-0009 6.862E-0010 1.115E-0009 1.822E-0010 -5.922E-0011 6.095E-0010 1.439E-0010 4.184E-0010 -6.00 1.208E-0009 9.787E-0010 4.931E-0010 2.076E-0010 9.767E-0010 1.865E-0009 1.281E-0009 1.016E-0009 9.034E-0010 3.628E-0010 4.398E-0010 4.793E-0010 -5.75 1.758E-0009 1.958E-0009 8.230E-0010 2.658E-0010 6.274E-0010 1.208E-0009 8.998E-0010 1.455E-0009 3.704E-0010 5.835E-0010 4.508E-0010 5.524E-0010 -5.50 6.447E-0009 3.095E-0009 1.045E-0009 9.649E-0010 5.332E-0010 4.013E-0010 5.758E-0010 2.338E-0010 8.650E-0010 -1.592E-0010 1.910E-0010 8.259E-0011 -5.25 1.162E-0008 1.356E-0008 2.351E-0009 2.067E-0009 1.795E-0009 1.110E-0009 8.021E-0010 3.866E-0010 8.766E-0010 1.781E-0009 3.515E-0010 1.986E-0010 -5.00 2.053E-0008 2.616E-0008 1.193E-0008 3.602E-0009 1.327E-0009 1.330E-0009 5.361E-0010 8.791E-0010 8.183E-0010 9.580E-0010 -1.990E-0010 7.286E-0010 -4.75 2.391E-0008 4.701E-0008 4.419E-0008 2.132E-0008 5.004E-0009 2.178E-0009 1.658E-0009 8.922E-0010 5.473E-0010 4.224E-0010 3.560E-0010 8.306E-0010 -4.50 1.822E-0008 5.391E-0008 8.201E-0008 7.123E-0008 2.821E-0008 6.404E-0009 3.569E-0009 2.375E-0009 9.048E-0010 1.901E-0009 3.671E-0010 3.306E-0010 -4.25 1.693E-0008 4.593E-0008 9.471E-0008 1.362E-0007 1.071E-0007 4.658E-0008 1.467E-0008 3.099E-0009 2.182E-0009 1.414E-0009 1.079E-0009 4.463E-0010 -4.00 1.137E-0008 3.567E-0008 7.488E-0008 1.559E-0007 2.196E-0007 1.608E-0007 8.988E-0008 1.508E-0008 2.758E-0009 1.567E-0009 1.374E-0009 3.282E-0010 -3.75 8.360E-0009 2.818E-0008 4.686E-0008 1.127E-0007 2.260E-0007 2.816E-0007 2.074E-0007 6.256E-0008 4.195E-0009 1.359E-0009 1.026E-0009 1.805E-0010 -3.50 8.452E-0009 1.847E-0008 3.087E-0008 6.524E-0008 1.605E-0007 2.918E-0007 2.963E-0007 1.599E-0007 2.036E-0008 1.734E-0009 8.904E-0010 1.050E-0009 -3.25 6.134E-0009 1.478E-0008 2.428E-0008 4.815E-0008 1.056E-0007 2.261E-0007 2.863E-0007 2.431E-0007 5.876E-0008 1.379E-0009 4.657E-0010 4.449E-0010 -3.00 3.856E-0009 9.014E-0009 1.864E-0008 3.663E-0008 7.160E-0008 1.655E-0007 2.514E-0007 2.582E-0007 1.237E-0007 4.826E-0009 1.120E-0009 5.770E-0010 -2.75 2.519E-0009 8.255E-0009 1.712E-0008 3.171E-0008 5.741E-0008 1.227E-0007 2.393E-0007 2.746E-0007 1.817E-0007 1.874E-0008 1.630E-0009 4.641E-0010 -2.50 3.207E-0009 5.668E-0009 1.604E-0008 2.728E-0008 4.588E-0008 9.873E-0008 2.035E-0007 2.808E-0007 2.355E-0007 5.588E-0008 1.785E-0009 7.365E-0010 -2.25 2.311E-0009 5.368E-0009 9.512E-0009 1.934E-0008 3.535E-0008 7.506E-0008 1.619E-0007 2.773E-0007 2.681E-0007 1.091E-0007 7.669E-0009 7.941E-0010 -2.00 1.126E-0009 3.154E-0009 5.562E-0009 1.380E-0008 2.992E-0008 5.512E-0008 1.294E-0007 2.690E-0007 2.905E-0007 1.720E-0007 2.767E-0008 -1.333E-0010 -1.75 1.586E-0009 1.576E-0009 3.983E-0009 1.387E-0008 2.089E-0008 4.875E-0008 9.635E-0008 2.386E-0007 3.005E-0007 2.270E-0007 5.873E-0008 7.510E-0010 -1.50 1.476E-0009 1.739E-0009 2.966E-0009 9.660E-0009 1.734E-0008 4.046E-0008 7.719E-0008 2.263E-0007 3.003E-0007 2.669E-0007 9.744E-0008 2.083E-0009 -1.25 7.379E-0010 1.502E-0009 4.455E-0009 6.253E-0009 1.417E-0008 3.278E-0008 6.322E-0008 2.188E-0007 3.117E-0007 2.962E-0007 1.421E-0007 4.268E-0009 -1.00 9.113E-0010 1.506E-0009 3.319E-0009 6.032E-0009 1.036E-0008 2.448E-0008 5.387E-0008 1.824E-0007 3.215E-0007 3.022E-0007 1.797E-0007 1.169E-0008 -0.75 8.560E-0010 3.107E-0009 2.179E-0009 5.536E-0009 9.515E-0009 2.810E-0008 4.895E-0008 1.594E-0007 3.254E-0007 3.268E-0007 2.271E-0007 2.035E-0008 -0.50 1.601E-0009 1.509E-0009 2.296E-0009 4.579E-0009 9.180E-0009 2.270E-0008 4.752E-0008 1.414E-0007 3.025E-0007 3.295E-0007 2.423E-0007 3.352E-0008 -0.25 4.571E-0010 1.349E-0009 1.037E-0009 3.619E-0009 8.441E-0009 2.256E-0008 4.827E-0008 1.381E-0007 3.145E-0007 3.296E-0007 2.563E-0007 3.803E-0008 0.00 5.633E-0011 2.312E-0009 2.183E-0009 4.766E-0009 5.464E-0009 2.301E-0008 5.209E-0008 1.436E-0007 3.008E-0007 3.424E-0007 2.598E-0007 3.948E-0008 0.25 4.571E-0010 1.349E-0009 1.037E-0009 3.619E-0009 8.441E-0009 2.256E-0008 4.827E-0008 1.381E-0007 3.145E-0007 3.296E-0007 2.563E-0007 3.803E-0008 0.50 1.601E-0009 1.509E-0009 2.296E-0009 4.579E-0009 9.180E-0009 2.270E-0008 4.752E-0008 1.414E-0007 3.025E-0007 3.295E-0007 2.423E-0007 3.352E-0008 0.75 8.560E-0010 3.107E-0009 2.179E-0009 5.536E-0009 9.515E-0009 2.810E-0008 4.895E-0008 1.594E-0007 3.254E-0007 3.268E-0007 2.271E-0007 2.035E-0008 1.00 9.113E-0010 1.506E-0009 3.319E-0009 6.032E-0009 1.036E-0008 2.448E-0008 5.387E-0008 1.824E-0007 3.215E-0007 3.022E-0007 1.797E-0007 1.169E-0008 1.25 7.379E-0010 1.502E-0009 4.455E-0009 6.253E-0009 1.417E-0008 3.278E-0008 6.322E-0008 2.188E-0007 3.117E-0007 2.962E-0007 1.421E-0007 4.268E-0009 1.50 1.476E-0009 1.739E-0009 2.966E-0009 9.660E-0009 1.734E-0008 4.046E-0008 7.719E-0008 2.263E-0007 3.003E-0007 2.669E-0007 9.744E-0008 2.083E-0009 1.75 1.586E-0009 1.576E-0009 3.983E-0009 1.387E-0008 2.089E-0008 4.875E-0008 9.635E-0008 2.386E-0007 3.005E-0007 2.270E-0007 5.873E-0008 7.510E-0010 2.00 1.126E-0009 3.154E-0009 5.562E-0009 1.380E-0008 2.992E-0008 5.512E-0008 1.294E-0007 2.690E-0007 2.905E-0007 1.720E-0007 2.767E-0008 -1.333E-0010 2.25 2.311E-0009 5.368E-0009 9.512E-0009 1.934E-0008 3.535E-0008 7.506E-0008 1.619E-0007 2.773E-0007 2.681E-0007 1.091E-0007 7.669E-0009 7.941E-0010 2.50 3.207E-0009 5.668E-0009 1.604E-0008 2.728E-0008 4.588E-0008 9.873E-0008 2.035E-0007 2.808E-0007 2.355E-0007 5.588E-0008 1.785E-0009 7.365E-0010 2.75 2.519E-0009 8.255E-0009 1.712E-0008 3.171E-0008 5.741E-0008 1.227E-0007 2.393E-0007 2.746E-0007 1.817E-0007 1.874E-0008 1.630E-0009 4.641E-0010 3.00 3.856E-0009 9.014E-0009 1.864E-0008 3.663E-0008 7.160E-0008 1.655E-0007 2.514E-0007 2.582E-0007 1.237E-0007 4.826E-0009 1.120E-0009 5.770E-0010 3.25 6.134E-0009 1.478E-0008 2.428E-0008 4.815E-0008 1.056E-0007 2.261E-0007 2.863E-0007 2.431E-0007 5.876E-0008 1.379E-0009 4.657E-0010 4.449E-0010 3.50 8.452E-0009 1.847E-0008 3.087E-0008 6.524E-0008 1.605E-0007 2.918E-0007 2.963E-0007 1.599E-0007 2.036E-0008 1.734E-0009 8.904E-0010 1.050E-0009 3.75 8.360E-0009 2.818E-0008 4.686E-0008 1.127E-0007 2.260E-0007 2.816E-0007 2.074E-0007 6.256E-0008 4.195E-0009 1.359E-0009 1.026E-0009 1.805E-0010 4.00 1.137E-0008 3.567E-0008 7.488E-0008 1.559E-0007 2.196E-0007 1.608E-0007 8.988E-0008 1.508E-0008 2.758E-0009 1.567E-0009 1.374E-0009 3.282E-0010 4.25 1.693E-0008 4.593E-0008 9.471E-0008 1.362E-0007 1.071E-0007 4.658E-0008 1.467E-0008 3.099E-0009 2.182E-0009 1.414E-0009 1.079E-0009 4.463E-0010 4.50 1.822E-0008 5.391E-0008 8.201E-0008 7.123E-0008 2.821E-0008 6.404E-0009 3.569E-0009 2.375E-0009 9.048E-0010 1.901E-0009 3.671E-0010 3.306E-0010 4.75 2.391E-0008 4.701E-0008 4.419E-0008 2.132E-0008 5.004E-0009 2.178E-0009 1.658E-0009 8.922E-0010 5.473E-0010 4.224E-0010 3.560E-0010 8.306E-0010 5.00 2.053E-0008 2.616E-0008 1.193E-0008 3.602E-0009 1.327E-0009 1.330E-0009 5.361E-0010 8.791E-0010 8.183E-0010 9.580E-0010 -1.990E-0010 7.286E-0010 5.25 1.162E-0008 1.356E-0008 2.351E-0009 2.067E-0009 1.795E-0009 1.110E-0009 8.021E-0010 3.866E-0010 8.766E-0010 1.781E-0009 3.515E-0010 1.986E-0010 5.50 6.447E-0009 3.095E-0009 1.045E-0009 9.649E-0010 5.332E-0010 4.013E-0010 5.758E-0010 2.338E-0010 8.650E-0010 -1.592E-0010 1.910E-0010 8.259E-0011 5.75 1.758E-0009 1.958E-0009 8.230E-0010 2.658E-0010 6.274E-0010 1.208E-0009 8.998E-0010 1.455E-0009 3.704E-0010 5.835E-0010 4.508E-0010 5.524E-0010 6.00 1.208E-0009 9.787E-0010 4.931E-0010 2.076E-0010 9.767E-0010 1.865E-0009 1.281E-0009 1.016E-0009 9.034E-0010 3.628E-0010 4.398E-0010 4.793E-0010 6.25 5.968E-0010 1.514E-0010 1.005E-0009 1.073E-0009 1.479E-0009 6.862E-0010 1.115E-0009 1.822E-0010 -5.922E-0011 6.095E-0010 1.439E-0010 4.184E-0010 6.50 1.045E-0009 6.290E-0011 3.534E-0010 7.464E-0010 6.032E-0010 -1.212E-0011 1.007E-0009 2.964E-0010 -7.568E-0011 2.600E-0010 1.847E-0009 4.563E-0010 6.75 -1.921E-0010 6.221E-0010 -8.594E-0011 3.388E-0010 6.146E-0010 2.297E-0011 3.315E-0011 2.596E-0010 2.322E-0010 1.230E-0009 6.192E-0010 1.518E-0010 7.00 7.518E-0010 4.484E-0010 4.032E-0010 5.510E-0010 -2.051E-0010 -8.868E-0012 1.901E-0010 7.580E-0010 6.081E-0010 5.946E-0010 3.712E-0010 5.669E-0010